El proceso de transformación de la economía de Polonia, ¿un milagro económico?
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2020
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Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (ICEI)
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López, Alberto Escribano. «El proceso de transformación de la economía de Polonia, ¿un milagro económico?» Papeles de Europa, vol. 33, n.o 1, diciembre de 2020, pp. 19-37. revistas.ucm.es, https://doi.org/10.5209/pade.67332.
Abstract
Desde 1989 la economía de Polonia ha experimentado un exitoso proceso de transformación económica. En la literatura económica, el éxito de dicho proceso esta frecuentemente asociado a las políticas neoliberales aplicadas durante los primeros años de la década de los 90, la denominada Terapia de Choque. Sin embargo, a lo largo de esta investigación se va a considerar que el exitoso proceso de transformación de la economía de Polonia no es únicamente resultado de la aplicación efectiva de dichas políticas, sino que el posterior éxito cosechado no podría ser entendido sin las políticas orientadas hacia la acumulación y sin la adhesión de Polonia a la UE, que ha permitido alcanzar importantes niveles de desarrollo socioeconómico.
Macroeconómicamente, el proceso de transformación es visto como un proceso exitoso, que ha ayudado a Polonia a prosperar económica y socialmente; pero desde la perspectiva social y a pesar de los avances obtenidos, el proceso de transformación no ha conducido a una mejora sustancial en el ámbito social que permitan equiparar a Polonia con los países más avanzados de la Unión Europea.
Since 1989, Poland’s economy has undergone a successful process of economic transformation. In the economic literature, the success of this process is associated with the neoliberal policies applied during the first years of the 90s, i.e. shock therapy. However, throughout this investigation the success of the process of transformation of Poland’s economy will not be considered as the result of the effective application of political policies, but the conclusion is that the subsequent success reaped could not be understood without the policies oriented towards accumulation and without Poland’s accession to the EU, which has allowed it to reach important levels of socioeconomic development. Macroeconomically, the transformation process is seen as successful, which has helped Poland prosper economically and socially; but from the social perspective and the weight of the progress made, the transformation process has not led to a substantial improvement in the social sphere that would equip Poland with the most advanced countries in the European Union.
Since 1989, Poland’s economy has undergone a successful process of economic transformation. In the economic literature, the success of this process is associated with the neoliberal policies applied during the first years of the 90s, i.e. shock therapy. However, throughout this investigation the success of the process of transformation of Poland’s economy will not be considered as the result of the effective application of political policies, but the conclusion is that the subsequent success reaped could not be understood without the policies oriented towards accumulation and without Poland’s accession to the EU, which has allowed it to reach important levels of socioeconomic development. Macroeconomically, the transformation process is seen as successful, which has helped Poland prosper economically and socially; but from the social perspective and the weight of the progress made, the transformation process has not led to a substantial improvement in the social sphere that would equip Poland with the most advanced countries in the European Union.