Panorama of Two Decades of Maternal Deaths in Brazil: Retrospective Ecological Time Series

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dc.contributor.authorGonçalves dos Santos, Gustavo
dc.contributor.authorGonçalves Vidotti, Giovana Aparecida
dc.contributor.authorFaria Ichikawa, Carolliny Rossi de
dc.contributor.authorFerreira Lima, Cindy
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida Dionizio, Leticia de
dc.contributor.authorSilva Maia, Janize
dc.contributor.authorFranco Zihlmann, Karina
dc.contributor.authorOliveira Neto, Joaquim Guerra de
dc.contributor.authorMorais Nascimento, Wágnar Silva
dc.contributor.authorRamos Cardoso, Alexandrina Maria
dc.contributor.authorNeves Carvalho, Júlia Maria das
dc.contributor.authorLima Ferreira Santa Rosa, Patrícia
dc.contributor.authorOliveira Mouta, Ricardo José
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues Reis, Cesar Henrique
dc.contributor.authorAzevedo Aguiar, Cláudia de
dc.contributor.authorSouza Santos, Débora de
dc.contributor.authorPereira da Silva, Bruno
dc.contributor.authorLima Cordeiro da Silva, Anderson
dc.contributor.authorSilva do Nascimento, Edson
dc.contributor.authorBermejo Gil, Beatriz Maria
dc.contributor.authorLópez Pedraza, Leticia
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-25T18:42:23Z
dc.date.available2026-02-25T18:42:23Z
dc.date.issued2025-11-11
dc.descriptionBackground: Maternal mortality remains a significant public health challenge in Brazil, reflecting persistent social, racial, and regional inequalities. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze trends and characteristics of maternal deaths in Brazil from 2000 to 2020, identifying sociodemographic and clinical risk factors. Methods: A retrospective, population-based study was conducted using secondary data from the Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Descriptive and comparative statistical analyses were performed, including chi-square (χ2) goodness-of-fit tests and 95% confidence intervals calculated by the Wilson method. Variables were stratified by region, age, race, education, type and period of death, and investigation status. Results: A total of 40,907 maternal deaths were recorded. From 2000 to 2020, Brazil recorded 40,907 maternal deaths. The maternal mortality ratio decreased from approximately 74 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2000 to 57 per 100,000 in 2020, representing a 23% reduction over two decades. Most deaths occurred among young, Brown women with low education levels, particularly in the Southeast and Northeast regions. Direct obstetric causes accounted for two-thirds of cases, and most deaths occurred in hospital settings, mainly during the early puerperium. Conclusions: Despite progress, maternal mortality in Brazil remains above the WHO target and is strongly influenced by social inequities. Strengthening primary care, improving referral networks, expanding postpartum follow-up, and enhancing surveillance systems are essential for preventing avoidable deaths and achieving reproductive justice.
dc.description.departmentDepto. de Enfermería
dc.description.facultyFac. de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología
dc.description.refereedTRUE
dc.description.statuspub
dc.identifier.citationdos Santos, G. G., Vidotti, G. A. G., Ichikawa, C. R. d. F., Lima, C. F., Dionizio, L. d. A., Maia, J. S., Zihlmann, K. F., Neto, J. G. d. O., Nascimento, W. S. M., Cardoso, A. M. R., Carvalho, J. M. d. N., Santa Rosa, P. L. F., Mouta, R. J. O., Reis, C. H. R., Aguiar, C. d. A., Santos, D. d. S., Silva, B. P. d., Silva, A. L. C. d., Nascimento, E. S. d., ... Pedraza, L. L. (2025). Panorama of Two Decades of Maternal Deaths in Brazil: Retrospective Ecological Time Series. Nursing Reports, 15(11), 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15110396
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/ 10.3390/nursrep15110396
dc.identifier.essn2039-4403
dc.identifier.issn2039-439X
dc.identifier.officialurlhttps://doi.org/ 10.3390/nursrep15110396
dc.identifier.relatedurlhttps://www.mdpi.com/2039-4403/15/11/396
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/133290
dc.issue.number11
dc.journal.titleNursing reports (Pavia, Italy)
dc.language.isoeng
dc.page.final14
dc.page.initial396, 1
dc.publisherMPDI
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.accessRightsopen access
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject.cdu616-083
dc.subject.keywordwomen’s health
dc.subject.keywordsexual and reproductive health
dc.subject.keywordpregnancy
dc.subject.keywordpostpartum period
dc.subject.keywordmaternal mortality
dc.subject.keywordhealth information system
dc.subject.ucmEnfermería
dc.subject.unesco3299 Otras Especialidades Médicas
dc.titlePanorama of Two Decades of Maternal Deaths in Brazil: Retrospective Ecological Time Series
dc.typejournal article
dc.type.hasVersionVoR
dc.volume.number15
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublication7596ea9b-dd7a-409f-bd38-de79945444e5
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery7596ea9b-dd7a-409f-bd38-de79945444e5

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