Expresión y funcionalidad de TLR2 y TLR4 en las poblaciones linfomieloides presentes en el pulmón y órganos linfoides durante la vida embrionaria y neonatal en modelos de ratón
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2023
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16/09/2022
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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El sistema inmunitario protege al individuo de agresiones externas y sustancias perjudiciales actuando frente a ellas mediante una primera respuesta rápida e inespecífica, la respuesta innata, y una segunda más lenta y específica, la respuesta adaptativa. Los componentes celulares del sistema inmune innato poseen una serie de receptores muy conservados a lo largo de la evolución. Entre ellos se encuentran los receptores de tipo Toll (TLR), que están presentes en células presentadoras de antígeno (macrófagos/monocitos, células dendríticas, linfocitos B), células innatas (granulocitos) y en la superficie de células epiteliales de tejidos barrera como el pulmón o intestino. Estos receptores reconocen componentes de la membrana plasmática y pared celular bacterianas, toxinas o material génico de patógenos, así como también señales endógenas de peligro celular. El reconocimiento de estos ligandos por parte de las células innatas, provoca una cascada de eventos que activan a su vez la respuesta inmune adaptativa. Los linfocitos B y T, mediante sus receptores BCR o TCR, reconocen antígenos, provocando la eliminación del microorganismo o la destrucción de la célula infectada con una respuesta mucho más específica y dirigida (respuesta adaptativa). En el compartimiento linfoide existen algunos tipos de linfocitos con características de células del sistema inmune innato, denominándose linfocitos pseudoinnatos: linfocitos Tϒδ, linfocitos B de zona marginal, linfocitos B1 y B1Rel. Estas células se caracterizan por actuar de forma rápida y poco específica en la primera defensa frente a patógenos. Los linfocitos B1Rel, descritos por nuestro grupo por su semejanza con los linfocitos B1, son de origen embrionario y se mantienen durante toda la vida en el ratón, se encuentran fundamentalmente en bazo y placas de Peyer y son capaces de responder in vitro ante estímulos a través de TLRs...
The immune system is responsible for protecting the individual from external aggressions and harmful substances that act against him by means of the innate response (rapid and non-specific), and the adaptive response (slower and specific). The cellular components of the innate immune system express a series of receptors that have been highly conserved throughout evolution. These include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), present on antigen-presenting cells (macrophages/monocytes, dendritic cells, B lymphocytes), on innate cells (granulocytes) and on the surface of epithelial cells of barrier tissues, such as the lung or intestine. These receptors recognize components of the bacterial plasma membrane and cell wall, toxins or pathogenic genetic material, as well as endogenous signals of cellular danger. Recognition of these ligands by innate cells triggers a cascade of events that in turn activate the adaptive immune response. B and T lymphocytes recognize antigens, through their BCR or TCR receptors, , causing the elimination of the microorganism or the destruction of the infected cell, in a more specific and targeted response (adaptive response). In the lymphoid compartment there are some types of lymphocytes with characteristics of cells of the innate immune system, called innate-like lymphocytes such as: Tϒδ lymphocytes, marginal zone B lymphocytes, B1 and B1Rel lymphocytes. These cells are characterized by acting quickly and not very specifically in the first line of defense against pathogens. B1Rel lymphocytes, were described by our group, and resemble to B1 lymphocytes. These cells are of embryonic origin and their numbers are maintained throughout life in mice. They are found mainly in the spleen and Peyer's patches and capable of responding in vitro to stimuli through TLRs...
The immune system is responsible for protecting the individual from external aggressions and harmful substances that act against him by means of the innate response (rapid and non-specific), and the adaptive response (slower and specific). The cellular components of the innate immune system express a series of receptors that have been highly conserved throughout evolution. These include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), present on antigen-presenting cells (macrophages/monocytes, dendritic cells, B lymphocytes), on innate cells (granulocytes) and on the surface of epithelial cells of barrier tissues, such as the lung or intestine. These receptors recognize components of the bacterial plasma membrane and cell wall, toxins or pathogenic genetic material, as well as endogenous signals of cellular danger. Recognition of these ligands by innate cells triggers a cascade of events that in turn activate the adaptive immune response. B and T lymphocytes recognize antigens, through their BCR or TCR receptors, , causing the elimination of the microorganism or the destruction of the infected cell, in a more specific and targeted response (adaptive response). In the lymphoid compartment there are some types of lymphocytes with characteristics of cells of the innate immune system, called innate-like lymphocytes such as: Tϒδ lymphocytes, marginal zone B lymphocytes, B1 and B1Rel lymphocytes. These cells are characterized by acting quickly and not very specifically in the first line of defense against pathogens. B1Rel lymphocytes, were described by our group, and resemble to B1 lymphocytes. These cells are of embryonic origin and their numbers are maintained throughout life in mice. They are found mainly in the spleen and Peyer's patches and capable of responding in vitro to stimuli through TLRs...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, leída el 16-09-2022