Asociación de epítopos constitutivos y conformacionales de CD29 y CD9 en gammapatías monoclonales : regulación, funcionalidad y su uso como marcadores de progresión
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2024
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15/06/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Las gammapatías monoclonales son un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades caracterizadas por la expansión de un clon de células plasmáticas (CP). Se considera quelas discrasias de CP representan una línea continua con distintas etapas: desde la fase premaligna, la gammapatía monoclonal de significado incierto (MGUS) hasta el mieloma múltiple (MM) asintomático, también llamado MM smoldering, el MM activo y, finalmente, la enfermedad extramedular (EEM). Todas estas entidades representan una gama de enfermedades clonales que van ganando en agresividad. En la mayoría de estas entidades, las CP están retenidas en la médula ósea (MO), con una fuerte dependencia respecto al microambiente medular. La adhesión en las fases iniciales de la enfermedad facilita la resistencia a la apoptosis y también induce la secreción de factores decrecimiento y citoquinas. Se considera que el cambio en el perfil de las moléculas de adhesión es un mecanismo importante que contribuye a la diseminación extramedular de lMM. Entre estas moléculas, se ha descrito una expresión disminuida de VLA-4 (CD49d) y CD44. Sin embargo, no se conocen bien los eventos celulares que conducen a la transición inicial desde la fase pre-maligna hasta el MM activo. Por otro lado, es sorprendente la información muy limitada no solo acerca de la pérdida de capacidad adhesiva de las CP en la EEM, sino también acerca de la biología de las CP que se encuentran en territorios distintos a la MO.
The monoclonal gammopathies are defined as a heterogenous group of diseasescharacterized by proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells (PC). There is a continuumof PC dyscrasias: from pre-malignant disorder called monoclonal gammopathy ofundetermined significance (MGUS) to indolent asymptomatic multiple myeloma (MM)(smoldering myeloma), then to active multiple myeloma and finally extramedullarydisease (EMD). Together, these conditions form a spectrum of clonal disorders. Duringthe course of these diseases, PC remains located within the bone marrow (BM) withstrong dependence on the BM microenvironment. The initial adhesion affects the survivalof MM cells and also mediates secretion of growth factors and cytokines. Subsequentchanges in the adhesion molecule profile have been considered as possible mechanismsin the extramedullary dissemination in MM. Specifically, decreased expression ofadhesion molecules such as CD49d or CD44 have been described.However, cellular events driving the initial transition from a premalignant stageto early active MM are not well understood. Moreover, it is surprising not only the verylimited information about the mechanisms underlying the detachment of PC in EMD, butalso the biology of PC at the extramedullary sites in comparison with the characteristicsof the malignant PC in BM...
The monoclonal gammopathies are defined as a heterogenous group of diseasescharacterized by proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells (PC). There is a continuumof PC dyscrasias: from pre-malignant disorder called monoclonal gammopathy ofundetermined significance (MGUS) to indolent asymptomatic multiple myeloma (MM)(smoldering myeloma), then to active multiple myeloma and finally extramedullarydisease (EMD). Together, these conditions form a spectrum of clonal disorders. Duringthe course of these diseases, PC remains located within the bone marrow (BM) withstrong dependence on the BM microenvironment. The initial adhesion affects the survivalof MM cells and also mediates secretion of growth factors and cytokines. Subsequentchanges in the adhesion molecule profile have been considered as possible mechanismsin the extramedullary dissemination in MM. Specifically, decreased expression ofadhesion molecules such as CD49d or CD44 have been described.However, cellular events driving the initial transition from a premalignant stageto early active MM are not well understood. Moreover, it is surprising not only the verylimited information about the mechanisms underlying the detachment of PC in EMD, butalso the biology of PC at the extramedullary sites in comparison with the characteristicsof the malignant PC in BM...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 15-06-2023