Origen, desarrollo y nuevos mecanismos de resistencia a azoles en Aspergillus fumigatus
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2022
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04/04/2022
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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En los últimos años, el uso extensivo y generalizado de los antifúngicos ha originado la aparición de hongos resistentes a los mismos, ocasionando graves consecuencias para los pacientes infectados por estos aislados que ven reducidas sus opciones terapéuticas. El principal hongo filamentoso causante de infección fúngica en humanos es Aspergillus fumigatus, cuya presencia ubicua en el ambiente y su fácil dispersión mediante la producción de esporas hacen que sea fácilmente inhalado en la respiración. En individuos inmunocompetentes el sistema inmune elimina eficazmente las esporas de A. fumigatus del tracto respiratorio; no obstante, en pacientes onco-hematológicos, trasplantados u otras situaciones de inmunosupresión, estas esporas son capaces de germinar en el interior de los alveolos llegando a causar infecciones pulmonares graves que posteriormente se diseminan a otros órganos. De forma general, todas las patologías asociadas a la infección por A. fumigatus se denominan aspergilosis, aunque estas pueden abarcar desde manifestaciones clínicas leves hasta la más severa llamada aspergilosis invasiva, dependiendo fundamentalmente del estado inmunológico del huésped...
In recent years, the extensive and widespread use of antifungals has led to the emergence of resistant fungi, involving severe consequences for patients infected with these isolates whose therapeutic options are being reduced. Aspergillus fumigatus is the main filamentous fungi producing fungal infections in humans. Its primary route of infection is through the inhalation of airborne conidia that the fungi releases to the air.In immunocompetent individuals, the immune system is able to clean A. fumigatus conidia from the respiratory airway. However, in onco-haemathology patients, transplant patients or other immunosuppression situations, the conidia can germinate inside the lungs producing a wide range of clinical manifestations named aspergillosis. Aspergillosis diseases can range from minor diseases to the most severe form, which is the invasive aspergillosis, depending on the host immune status...
In recent years, the extensive and widespread use of antifungals has led to the emergence of resistant fungi, involving severe consequences for patients infected with these isolates whose therapeutic options are being reduced. Aspergillus fumigatus is the main filamentous fungi producing fungal infections in humans. Its primary route of infection is through the inhalation of airborne conidia that the fungi releases to the air.In immunocompetent individuals, the immune system is able to clean A. fumigatus conidia from the respiratory airway. However, in onco-haemathology patients, transplant patients or other immunosuppression situations, the conidia can germinate inside the lungs producing a wide range of clinical manifestations named aspergillosis. Aspergillosis diseases can range from minor diseases to the most severe form, which is the invasive aspergillosis, depending on the host immune status...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída el 04-04-2022