Publication: ¿Hacia un cambio de modelo productivo? El rol de las grandes empresas y el capital extranjero en la economía española
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2022
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Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (ICEI)
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Durante los últimos años estamos asistiendo a interrupciones abruptas de los flujos productivos y comerciales internacionales a consecuencia de eventos como la pandemia mundial o la invasión de Rusia en Ucrania. En el contexto de una creciente fragmentación productiva internacional, articulada jerárquicamente por grandes empresas transnacionales en torno a las denominadas cadenas globales de producción, estos shocks de oferta han evidenciado en las economías nacionales los riesgos que entrañan las fuertes relaciones de interdependencia económica a escala mundial.
De este modo, en la disciplina económica se ha revitalizado el debate en torno a los procesos de cambio estructural en los modelos productivos a escala nacional, con objeto de transitar hacia estructuras productivas con mayor grado de autosuficiencia y autonomía económico-productiva. El propósito de este trabajo es analizar, para el caso de la economía española, algunos nodos críticos que deben tomarse en cuenta en el marco de este debate. Por un lado, se identifican algunos subsectores que por su grado de articulación con el conjunto del tejido productivo resultan clave para impulsar un cambio de modelo productivo. Por otro lado, se analiza en qué grado depende la actividad en estos sectores de grandes empresas transnacionales y de filiales de capital extranjero, un aspecto clave para la toma de decisiones.
In recent years, we have witnessed sudden interruptions in international production and trade flows as a result of events such as the global pandemic or the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In a context of international productive fragmentation, hierarchically articulated by large transnational corporations around the so-called global production chains, these supply shocks have highlighted in national economies the risks associated with strong economic interdependence on a global scale. Thus, the economic discipline has revitalized the debate on the processes of structural change in national economies, with the aim of moving towards productive structures with a greater degree of self-sufficiency and economic autonomy. The aim of this research applied to the study of the Spanish economy is to analyze some critical nodes that should be taken into account in the framework of this debate. On the one hand, we identify some subsectors which, due to their degree of articulation with the productive structure as a whole, are key to promoting a change in the productive model. On the other hand, we also analyze the degree of dependence of the activity of these sectors on large transnational corporations and foreign capital subsidiaries, a key aspect for decision-making.
In recent years, we have witnessed sudden interruptions in international production and trade flows as a result of events such as the global pandemic or the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In a context of international productive fragmentation, hierarchically articulated by large transnational corporations around the so-called global production chains, these supply shocks have highlighted in national economies the risks associated with strong economic interdependence on a global scale. Thus, the economic discipline has revitalized the debate on the processes of structural change in national economies, with the aim of moving towards productive structures with a greater degree of self-sufficiency and economic autonomy. The aim of this research applied to the study of the Spanish economy is to analyze some critical nodes that should be taken into account in the framework of this debate. On the one hand, we identify some subsectors which, due to their degree of articulation with the productive structure as a whole, are key to promoting a change in the productive model. On the other hand, we also analyze the degree of dependence of the activity of these sectors on large transnational corporations and foreign capital subsidiaries, a key aspect for decision-making.
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