Docta Complutense
Open Access Institutional Repository of the Complutense University of Madrid, that compiles scientific production to promote the visibility and impact of Complutense research.
With the collaboration of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and the Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology (FECYT).
Recent Submissions
Exudative epidermitis by Staphylococcus hyicus producing ExhC: control proposals against an emergent pathogen in intensive pig production
(Veterinary Journal, 2025) Romero Salmoral, Antonio; Álvarez Delgado, Carmen; Muñoz Jiménez, Rafael A.; Barraza, Paula; Vela Alonso, Ana Isabel; Fernández-Garayzábal Fernández, José Francisco; Gómez Laguna, Jaime; Luque, Inmaculada; Tarradas, Carmen
Exudative epidermitis (EE) is an occasional infectious disease affecting suckling and weaned piglets, with severe presentation in outbreaks. We described the diagnosis and control measurements conducted after an outbreak of EE caused by Staphylococcus hyicus producing an exfoliative toxin type C (ExhC) in a commercial 4000-head sow farm. Clinical disease was observed in suckling piglets, with a 70 % of morbidity, and a significant increase of mortality rate of 5 % during this period (p < 0.0001) was detected. The bacteria could be recovered from skin and internal organs of affected animals, and the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis showed that all the isolates were genetically indistinguishable, suggesting a common origin. Certain deficiencies in the cleaning and disinfection protocols carried out in the farrowing unit could be responsible for the severity of the outbreak. The efficacy of autogenous vaccination in sows with an inactivated vaccine based on complete ExhC-positive S. hyicus isolates at five and two weeks before farrowing in combination with the improvement of managements measures and selection of healthy animals for replacement allowed the resolution of the outbreak, completely reducing the morbidity and mortality rates after three months. The importance of an adequate diagnosis, biosecurity evaluation and the use of appropriate immune prophylaxis based on autogenous vaccines, are essential tools for the rapid and effective resolution of disease outbreaks of EE.
Evaluation of techniques for post-mortem diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection in goats
(Veterinary Microbiology, 2025) Jiménez Martín, Débora; Muñoz Fernández, Leonor; Agulló Ros, Irene; Jiménez Pizarro, Natalia; Cano Terriza, David; García Bocanegra, Ignacio; Romero Martínez, Beatriz; Caballero Gómez, Javier; Gonzálvez, Moisés; Rejón, Salvador; Martínez, Remigio; Risalde, María A.
Goats are highly susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) infection and can play an important role in the epidemiology of animal tuberculosis (TB) in certain epidemiological scenarios. Historically, culture has been considered the only gold standard technique for post-mortem confirmation of MTBC infection. However, it is constrained by its low sensitivity, the slow growth of MTBC, and stringent biosecurity requirements. Thus, alternative post-mortem techniques are essential for effective TB control and eradication. This study aimed to compare the use of different diagnosis techniques for post-mortem confirmation of MTBC infection in goats positive for official tuberculin skin tests (TST). The techniques evaluated were direct tissue real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), culture, observation of gross and histopathological tuberculosis-like lesions (TBL), and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Lung and retropharyngeal and mediastinal lymph node (LN) samples were taken from 205 TST-positive goats. Direct tissue RT-PCR showed the highest rate of positive animals for post-mortem confirmation of TB infection (86.3 %) after the official in vivo diagnostic test, followed by histopathological (49.3 %), and gross (47.8 %) observation of TBL, MTBC culture (42.4 %) and ZN staining (8.5 %). Spoligotyping was obtained for 86 of the mycobacteria cultures, revealing SB0157 in 86.0 % (74/86) and SB1081 in 15.1 % (13/86) of them, both belonging to Mycobacterium caprae. Histopathological study showed a predominance of necrotic TBL in 85.2 % (52/61) and 83.5 % (66/79) of the granulomas observed in lung and LN samples, respectively. Our results indicate that direct RT-PCR on tissue is a sensitive and reliable technique for post-mortem confirmation of MTBC infection in the caprine TB control and eradication programs, even in animals without TBL
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