Person: Gómez Muñoz, María Teresa
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First Name
María Teresa
Last Name
Gómez Muñoz
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Veterinaria
Department
Sanidad Animal
Area
Sanidad Animal
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15 results
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Item Captive Breeding and Trichomonas gallinae Alter the Oral Microbiome of Bonelli’s Eagle Chicks(Microbial Ecology, 2022) Alba Rubio, Claudio; Sansano Maestre, José; Cid Vázquez, María Dolores; Martínez Herrero, María del Carmen; Garijo Toledo, María Magdalena; Azami Conesa, Iris; Moraleda Fernández, Virginia; Gómez Muñoz, María Teresa; Rodríguez Gómez, Juan MiguelBonelli’s eagle (Aquila fasciata) is an endangered raptor species in Europe, and trichomonosis is one of the menaces affecting chicks at nest. In this paper, we attempt to describe the oral microbiome of Bonelli’s eagle nestlings and evaluate the influence of several factors, such as captivity breeding, Trichomonas gallinae infection, and the presence of lesions at the oropharynx. The core oral microbiome of Bonelli’s eagle is composed of Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria as the most abundant phyla, and Megamonas and Bacteroides as the most abundant genera. None of the factors analysed showed a significant influence on alfa diversity, but beta diversity was affected for some of them. Captivity breeding exerted a high influence on the composition of the oral microbiome, with significant differences in the four most abundant phyla, with a relative increase of Proteobacteria and a decrease of the other three phyla in comparison with chicks bred at nest. Some genera were more abundant in captivity bred chicks, such as Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium, Clostridium and Staphylococcus, while Bacteroides, Oceanivirga, Peptostreptococcus, Gemella, Veillonella, Mycoplasma, Suttonella, Alloscardovia, Varibaculum and Campylobacter were more abundant in nest raised chicks. T. gallinae infection slightly influenced the composition of the microbiome, but chicks displaying trichomonosis lesions had a higher relative abundance of Bacteroides and Gemella, being the last one an opportunistic pathogen of abscess complications in humans. Raptor’s microbiomes are scarcely studied. This is the first study on the factors that influence the oral microbiome of Bonelli’s eagle.- Project number: 56
Item Parásitos en movimiento: Videoteca docente(2023) Gómez Muñoz, María Teresa; Montoya Matute, Ana; Olmeda García, Ángeles Sonia; Juan Ferré, Lucía De; Azami Conesa, Iris; Barrera Martín, Juan Pedro; Carbonell Bonelo, Juan David; Hurtado Corral, Izaskum; Valcárcel Sancho, Félix; Meana Mañes, María Aranzazu Item Wildlife as a Sentinel for Pathogen Introduction in Nonendemic Areas: First Detection of Leishmania tropica in Wildlife in Spain(Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2024) Azami Conesa, Iris; Matas Méndez, Pablo; Pérez Moreno, Paula; Carrión Herrero, Francisco Javier; Alunda Rodríguez, José María; Mateo Barrientos, Marta; Gómez Muñoz, María TeresaLeishmaniasis is a chronic global arthropod-borne zoonotic disease produced by several species of Leishmania with cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral clinical manifestations. In Spain, only Leishmania infantum has been reported so far, although other species of Leishmania, such as L. tropica and L. major, are present in surrounding countries. The aim of this work is to analyze the occurrence of Leishmania spp. infection in European wildcats (Felis silvestris) as sentinels, including their genotypic characterization. Necropsies of 18 road-killed wildcats were conducted. Samples of ear skin and spleen were taken for DNA isolation and PCR of the highly sensitive SSU-rDNA target. Subsequent PCR tests were performed using more specific targets for the determination of Leishmania species: hsp70 and ITS1. Positive samples were sequenced, and phylogenetic trees were constructed. Seven wildcats were found positive for Leishmania spp. Based on the hsp70 and ITS1 sequences, an animal was found to be infected only with L. tropica in ear skin samples, while two cats were found to be infected with L. infantum in both the ear skin and the spleen. In one animal, a clear sequence of L. infantum ITS1 and a sequence of L. tropica hsp70 were obtained from the ear skin. Since hsp70 and ITS1 sequencing was not possible in three cats, the species of Leishmania infecting them was not determined. This is the first report of autochthonous infection with L. tropica in the Iberian Peninsula. Health care professionals, including physicians, dermatologists, and veterinarians, must be aware of this for a correct diagnosis, treatment, and management of possible coinfections.Item Adaptation of the classical end-point ITS-PCR for the diagnosis of avian trichomonosis to a real-time PCR reveals Bonelli’s eagle as a new host for Trichomonas gypaetinii(Parasitology Research, 2022) Alejandro Mateo, Sandra; Azami Conesa, Iris; Martín Maldonado, Bárbara; Pastor Tiburón, Natalia; Martín Hernández, Raquel; González González, Fernando; Gómez Muñoz, María TeresaAvian trichomonosis is a parasitic disease caused mainly by Trichomonas gallinae and other Trichomonas species. It can be asymptomatic, or it can produce a necrotic lesion in the upper digestive tract and spread to other organs, causing the death of the infected birds. In this study, we aimed to evaluate an adapted real-time PCR method for the diagnosis of different genotypes and species of avian oropharyngeal trichomonads. Fifty-six samples from the oropharynx of Bonelli’s eagles (Aquila fasciata) obtained between 2018 and 2019 were analyzed using the real-time PCR and the end-point PCR, both targeting trichomonads ITS, and the results were compared by a coefficient of agreement. All positive samples were sequenced. The analysis showed a higher percentage of detection of real-time PCR ITS compared with end-point PCR ITS (64.3 vs 55.4%), and good agreement value (Kappa = 0.816). Melting temperature value for resulting amplicons of real-time PCR for avian trichomonads was 83.45 ± 0.72 °C. Genotypes A, D, and III were found among the sequences. Moreover, Trichomonas gypaetinii, a common species in scavenger birds, is reported for the first time in Bonelli’s eagles.Item Antiparasitic Effects of Potentially Toxic Beetles (Tenebrionidae and Meloidae) from Steppe Zones(Toxins, 2021) Díaz Navarro, Marta; Bolívar, Paula; Andrés, María Fe; Gómez Muñoz, María Teresa; Martínez Díaz, Rafael A.; Valcárcel, Félix; García París, Mario; Bautista, Luis M.; González Coloma, AzucenaArthropods and specifically beetles can synthesize and/or sequester metabolites from dietary sources. In beetle families such as Tenebrionidae and Meloidae, a few studies have reported species with toxic defensive substances and antiparasitic properties that are consumed by birds. Here we have studied the antiparasitic activity of extracts from beetle species present in the habitat of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda) against four pathogen models (Aspergillus niger, Meloidogyne javanica, Hyalomma lusitanicum, and Trichomonas gallinae). The insect species extracted were Tentyria peiroleri, Scaurus uncinus, Blaps lethifera (Tenebrionidae), and Mylabris quadripunctata (Meloidae). M. quadripunctata exhibited potent activity against M. javanica and T. gallinae, while T. peiroleri exhibited moderate antiprotozoal activity. The chemical composition of the insect extracts was studied by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The most abundant compounds in the four beetle extracts were hydrocarbons and fatty acids such as palmitic acid, myristic acid and methyl linoleate, which are characteristic of insect cuticles. The presence of cantharidin (CTD) in the M. quadripunctata meloid and ethyl oleate (EO) in T. peiroleri accounted for the bioactivity of their extracts.Item Respuesta inmunitaria de algunas razas ovinas españolas a Haemonchus contortus : Purificación y evaluación de un antígeno diagnóstico(2002) Gómez Muñoz, María Teresa; Alunda Rodríguez, José María; Cuquerella Ayensa, MontserratHemos analizado la diferente receptividad a haemonchus contortus por parte de 4 razas ovinas de nuestro pais: castellana, churra, merina y manchega, siendo los animales merinos mas resistentes de forma natural a la parasitosis y los de raza churra, los mas receptivos. La respuesta inmunitaria frente a las reinfestaciones fue adecuada en todos los animales, implicando diferentes mecanismos efectores. La respuesta serica (igg e iga fundamentalmente) resulto dosis dependiente, excepto en la raza castellana que desarrollo una respuesta igg secundaria. Hemos caracterizado y purificado parcialmente un antígeno de 26 kda con capacidad diagnostica de la hemoncosis ovina, así como una gst de adultos de h. Contortus. El valor diagnostico se demostró en animales jóvenes (2- 6 meses de edad) y en diferentes razas ovinas (castellana, churra, merina, manchega y texel) durante los periodos prepatentes y patentes de las infestaciones experimentales. Se evidencio su especificidad y sensibilidad en infestaciones naturalesItem Anti-Trichomonas gallinae activity of essential oils and main compounds from Lamiaceae and Asteraceae plants(Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2022) Bailén, María; Díaz Castellanos, Irene; Azami Conesa, Iris; Alonso Fernández, Sara; Martínez Díaz, Rafael A.; Navarro Rocha, Juliana; Gómez Muñoz, María Teresa; González Coloma, AzucenaTrichomonas gallinae is a flagellated protozoan that parasitizes the upper digestive tract of various bird species and causes avian trichomonosis. The emergence of resistant strains to the standard treatment, based on nitroimidazoles, increases the need to find alternative therapies. In this study, 36 essential oils (EOs) from Lamiaceae and Asteraceae plant families were tested against T. gallinae trophozoites using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-)-2,5-dipheniltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. Among them, EOs from distinct species of Lamiaceae, including the genera Lavandula, Salvia, Thymus, Origanum, and Satureja were the ones reporting better anti-trichomonal activity, and were selected for further analysis, including chemical composition and in vitro assays. The chemical composition of the selected EOs was determined by gas chromatography followed by mass spectrometry and 19 pure compounds were tested against the protozoa, according to their higher abundance in the active EOs. Pure compounds which displayed the highest activity against T. gallinae trophozoites, ordered by highest to lowest activity, were α and β-thujones, camphene, β-pinene, linalyl acetate, thymol, 4-terpineol, γ-terpinene, α-pinene, p-cymene, D-fenchone and β-caryophyllene. A dose dependent effect was observed in most of the EOs and pure compounds tested. The toxicity test conducted in eukaryotic cell cultures with the anti-trichomonal active pure compounds showed that β-caryophyllene, camphene, α-pinene, and β-pinene were slightly toxic for Vero cells, and the selectivity index was calculated. Based on the anti-trichomonal activity and the absence of cytotoxicity results, natural products from Lamiaceae plants could be useful as alternative therapy against avian trichomonosis, mainly those containing linalyl acetate, thymol, 4-terpinenol, γ-terpinene, p-cymene and D-fenchone.Item Anti-Trypanosomatidae Activity of Essential Oils and Their Main Components from Selected Medicinal Plants(Molecules, 2023) Bailén, María; Illescas, Cristina; Quijada, Mónica; Martínez Díaz, Rafael Alberto; Ochoa, Eneko; Gómez Muñoz, María Teresa; Navarro Rocha, Juliana; González Coloma, AzucenaKinetoplastida is a group of flagellated protozoa characterized by the presence of a kinetoplast, a structure which is part of a large mitochondria and contains DNA. Parasites of this group include genera such as Leishmania, that cause disease in humans and animals, and Phytomonas, that are capable of infecting plants. Due to the lack of treatments, the low efficacy, or the high toxicity of the employed therapeutic agents there is a need to seek potential alternative treatments. In the present work, the antiparasitic activity on Leishmania infantum and Phytomonas davidi of 23 essential oils (EOs) from plants of the Lamiaceae and Asteraceae families, extracted by hydrodistillation (HD) at laboratory scale and steam distillation (SD) in a pilot plant, were evaluated. The chemical compositions of the EOs were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity on mammalian cells of the major components from the most active EOs was evaluated, and their anti-Phytomonas and anti-Leishmania effects analyzed. L. infantum was more sensitive to the EOs than P. davidi. The EOs with the best anti-kinetoplastid activity were S. montana, T. vulgaris, M. suaveolens, and L. luisieri. Steam distillation increased the linalyl acetate, β-caryophyllene, and trans-α-necrodyl acetate contents of the EOs, and decreased the amount of borneol and 1,8 cineol. The major active components of the EOs were tested, with thymol being the strongest anti-Phytomonas compound followed by carvacrol. Our study identified potential treatments against kinetoplastids.Item Microbial Matryoshka: Addressing the Relationship between Pathogenic Flagellated Protozoans and Their RNA Viral Endosymbionts (Family Totiviridae).(Veterinary Sciences, 2024) Ibáñez Escribano, Alexandra; Gómez Muñoz, María Teresa; Mateo Barrientos, Marta; Fonseca Berzal, Cristina Rosa; Gómez-Lucía Duato, María Esperanza; García-Pérez, Raquel; Alunda Rodríguez, José María; Carrión Herrero, Francisco JavierGiardiosis, trichomonosis, leishmaniosis, and trypanosomosis are parasitic diseases caused by flagellated protozoa that have a major global health impact, and their control is a priority action line in the agenda of the current One Health Program. The pathogens causing these diseases can establish an endosymbiotic relationship with RNA viruses of the Totiviridae family that can alter the course of the final infection in a mammal. To easily understand the sequence of interactions that occur between the agents involved, from a structural point of view, we can imagine a “matryoshka”-type infection model, wherein the virus represents the smallest matryoshka infecting the flagellated protozoan, which represents the medium matryoshka infecting the mammal, the largest matryoshka. In this manuscript, we will review the available information on the complications generated, such as the aggravation of pathogenesis or treatment failures, because of the established association between these flagellated pathogens and their respective endosymbiont viruses. Accurate diagnosis is required to detect these situations of endosymbiont co-infection and to be able to apply tailor-made treatments that target both the flagellated parasite and the virus that hides inside it. Taken together, these approaches will allow us to achieve and optimize appropriate sanitary control strategies.Item Invasive Species as Hosts of Zoonotic Infections: The Case of American Mink (Neovison vison) and Leishmania infantum(Microorganisms, 2021) Azami Conesa, Iris; Sansano Maestre, José; Martínez Díaz, Rafael Alberto; Gómez Muñoz, María TeresaLeishmania infantum produces an endemic disease in the Mediterranean Basin that affects humans and domestic and wild mammals, which can act as reservoir or minor host. In this study, we analyzed the presence of the parasite in wild American minks, an invasive species in Spain. We screened for L. infantum DNA by PCR using five primer pairs: Two targeting kinetoplast DNA (kDNA), and the rest targeting the ITS1 region, the small subunit of ribosomal RNA (SSU) and a repetitive sequence (Repeat region). The detection limit was determined for each method using a strain of L. infantum and a bone marrow sample from an infected dog. PCR approaches employing the Repeat region and kDNA (RV1/RV2 primers) showed higher sensitivity than the other PCR methods when control samples were employed. However, only PCR of the Repeat region and nested PCR of SSU (LnSSU) detected the parasite in the samples, while the other three were unable to do so. The majority of the analyzed animals (90.1%) tested positive. American mink may act as an incidental host of the disease for other mammals and should be further investigated, not only for their negative impact on the local fauna, but also as carriers of zoonotic diseases.