Person:
Alonso Fernández, José

First Name

José

Last Name

Alonso Fernández

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/79966

Affiliation

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Faculty / Institute

Óptica y Optometría

Department

Óptica

Area

Optica

Identifiers

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 16

Design of two-dimensional zero reference codes by means of a global optimization method
(Optics Express, 2005) Saez Landete, José; Alonso Fernández, José; Bernabeu Martínez, Eusebio
A method to obtain the absolute measure of the position is by means of the autocorrelation of two zero reference marks. In one-axis measurement systems one dimensional mark are used and the design of these marks is relatively complex. When the movement is in two-axes, two dimensional reference marks are required and they are even harder to design. We report a method of global optimization to calculate the optimal two dimensional zero reference marks which generate the reference signal with the highest central peak. This method proves to be a powerful tool for solving this problem.
Laser beam profiling with extended-image-range techniques
(Optical Engineering, 2005) Quiroga Mellado, Juan Antonio; González Moreno, Ricardo; Alonso Fernández, José; Bernabeu Martínez, Eusebio
A method to enlarge the dynamic range of a CCD-based laser beam profiler is presented. The method is based on extended-image-range techniques. The algorithm that generates the extended-irradiance-range image is described in detail. An equivalent dynamic range and number of bits are defined and computed for the new profiling system. To test the method, experimental measurements of the principal widths of the output beam from a single-mode optical fiber have been made, as well as the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of a 200-μm m pinhole back-illuminated by a HeNe laser.
Improvements in laser beam characterization with a CCD-based setup
(Photonics in Measurement, 2004) Quiroga Mellado, Juan Antonio; González Moreno, Ricardo; Alonso Fernández, José; Bernabeu Martínez, Eusebio
CCD-based setups are widely extended in commercial beam profilers. In many beam-profiling applications the high sensitivity of CCD-camera makes necessary the attenuation of the beam. It can affect the beam profile and cause lost of information in regions of low irradiance. In this work we analyze the combined influence of noise and masking in the beam characterization, particularly in the measurement of second order moments. We also apply an extended intensity range imaging technique to improve the quality of the information obtained by a generic instrument. It is achieved merging several images with different sensitivities which are obtained with different integration times.
Experimental measurements of generalized grating images
(Applied Optics, 2002) Crespo Vázquez, Daniel; Alonso Fernández, José; Bernabeu Martínez, Eusebio
The term generalized grating imaging is used to describe the process of image formation of a grating using only another grating as imaging system. The moiré and the Lau effects could be regarded as particular cases of such a process. Here we deal with the less-studied case of images formed at finite distances from the gratings, using an extended monochromatic light source. Some experimental results are shown for the images obtained in this last case, and they are compared with theoretical predictions.
Generalized grating imaging using an extended monochromatic light source
(Journal of the Optical Society of America A-Optics Image Science And Vision, 2000) Crespo Vázquez, Daniel; Alonso Fernández, José; Bernabeu Martínez, Eusebio
It is a well-known fact that one grating can act as an imaging element for another grating when the first is illuminated with an extended monochromatic light source. The conditions for image formation in such a system are studied when the finite size and position of the broad light source are considered. From the presented analysis, expressions for the location and the depth of focus of such images can be derived.
Zero reference signal for displacement measuring systems by use of speckle
(Applied Optics, 2003) Pérez Quintián, Fernando; Alonso Fernández, José; Atencia Carrizo, Jesús; Bernabeu Martínez, Eusebio
An optical method for generating a reference signal for an incremental displacement measurement system is proposed. We achieved this zero reference signal by comparing two speckle patterns arriving from two symmetric diffusers, which are used as natural random codes that are identical only when the reading head is located equidistantly between the diffusers. The comparison of the speckles is obtained either by interference, as in a Michelson interferometer, or by intensity correlations.
Generation of optical reference signals robust to diffractive effects
(Ieee Photonics Technology Letters, 2007) Saez Landete, José; Salcedo Sanz, Sancho; Rosa Zurera, Manuel; Alonso Fernández, José; Bernabeu Martínez, Eusebio
In grating measurement systems, a reference signal is needed to achieve an absolute measurement of the position. The zero reference signals are normally obtained illuminating two identical superimposed zero reference codes (ZRCs) and registering the transmitted light by means of a photodiode. As one ZRC moves with respect to the other, the two codes overlap and the signal registered is the autocorrelation of the ZRC transmittance. In high resolution systems, the diffraction effects degrade the geometrical shadow of the first ZRC as it propagates to the second one. As a result, the autocorrelation is also degraded and the amplitude of the reference signal is greatly reduced. In this letter, we present a method for designing ZRCs with minimum diffractive effects. The method is based on the optimization of ZRCs by means of a genetic algorithm.
Optimal design of optical reference signals by use of a genetic algorithm
(Optics Letters, 2005) Saez Landete, José; Salcedo Sanz, Sancho; Rosa Zurera, Manuel; Alonso Fernández, José; Bernabeu Martínez, Eusebio
A new technique for the generation of optical reference signals with optimal properties is presented. In grating measurement systems a reference signal is needed to achieve an absolute measurement of the position. The optical signal is the autocorrelation of two codes with binary transmittance. For a long time, the design of this type of code has required great computational effort, which limits the size of the code to ~30 elements. Recently, the application of the dividing rectangles (DIRECT) algorithm has allowed the automatic design of codes up to 100 elements. Because of the binary nature of the problem and the parallel processing of the genetic algorithms, these algorithms are efficient tools for obtaining codes with particular autocorrelation properties. We design optimum zero reference codes with arbitrary length by means of a genetic algorithm enhanced with a restricted search operator.
Design of zero reference codes by means of a global optimization method
(Optics Express, 2005) Saez Landete, José; Alonso Fernández, José; Bernabeu Martínez, Eusebio
The grating measurement systems can be used for displacement and angle measurements. They require of zero reference codes to obtain zero reference signals and absolute measures. The zero reference signals are obtained from the autocorrelation of two identical zero reference codes. The design of codes which generate optimum signals is rather complex, especially for larges codes. In this paper we present a global optimization method, a DIRECT algorithm for the design of zero reference codes. This method proves to be a powerful tool for solving this inverse problem.
Quasicontinuous pseudoimages in sinusoidal grating imaging using an extended light source
(Optics Communications, 2004) Sánchez Brea, Luis Miguel; Alonso Fernández, José; Bernabeu Martínez, Eusebio
When a polychromatic light illuminates a grating, an achromatic and continuous self-imaging regime is produced, what means that Talbot planes are eliminated. In this work, we investigate the existence of this continuous regime for generalized grating imaging. We have found that amplitude gratings with sinusoidal profiles may form, under monochromatic and partially coherent illumination, pseudoimages whose contrast or modulation present a smooth dependence on the gap between the two gratings.