Identificación de nuevos polimorfismos en genes del sistema inmune y del metabolismo de fármacos para anticipar complicaciones en pacientes sometidos aun trasplante alogénico de progenitores hematopoyéticos
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2023
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02/11/2022
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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El trasplante alogénico de progenitores hematopoyéticos (alo-TPH), procedimiento que consiste en la sustitución de un sistema hematopoyético, previamente alterado, por otro sano, es una estrategia potencialmente curativa frente a distintas neoplasias hematológicas. El éxito del alo-TPH depende del equilibrio entre el sistema inmune del donante y receptor. Su eficacia terapéutica se basa en la reacción inmunológica de las células del donante frente a las células tumorales del paciente, lo que se conoce como enfermedad de injerto contra leucemia, mediante la cual los linfocitos del donante destruyen a las células tumorales del paciente. Aunque el alo-TPH es una terapia curativa no está exenta de complicaciones post-trasplante, tales como rechazo del injerto, enfermedad de injerto contra receptor (EICR), infecciones, síndrome de obstrucción sinusoidal (SOS), cistitis hemorrágica (CH), recaída, etc. Alrededor del 35-50% de los pacientes que se someten a un alo-TPH desarrollan EICR. La EICR es la primera causa de morbilidad y mortalidad después de un alo-TPH. Los factores que se suelen usar para determinar el riesgo de EICR y otras complicaciones post-trasplante son variables: la compatibilidad HLA entre donante y receptor, la edad y género de donante y receptor, la fuente de progenitores hematopoyéticos, profilaxis de EICR, enfermedad de base, régimen de acondicionamiento, etc. Sin embargo, existen estudios que demuestran que los polimorfismos en genes del sistema inmune o del metabolismo de fármacos se pueden correlacionar con algunas complicaciones post-trasplante...
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a potentially curative procedure for hematological malignancies. The procedure is based on the replacement of analtered hematopoietic system by a healthy one. The success of allo-HSCT depends on the balance between the donor and recipient immune systems. The effectiveness of allo-HSCT lies in the donor immune system's capacity to remove leukemia cells via the graft-versus-leukemia effect, where donor T cells recognize and eliminate leukemic cells. Despite allo-HSCT is a curative therapy it is not exempt from developing posttransplant complications, associated with the aggressiveness of the process, such as graft rejection, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), infections, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), hemorrhagic cystitis (HC), disease relapse, etc.Overall 35-50% of patients who undergo allo-HSCT develop GVHD. GVHD is the major cause of morbidity and mortality after allo-HSCT. The factors that are often used to determine the risk of GVHD and other post-transplant complications are HLA compatibility between donor and recipient, age and gender of donor and recipient, source of hematopoietic progenitors, GVHD prophylaxis, diagnosis of the disease, conditioning regimen, etc. However, there are already studies showing that polymorphisms in immune system or drug metabolism genes are correlated with the development of post-transplant complications...
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a potentially curative procedure for hematological malignancies. The procedure is based on the replacement of analtered hematopoietic system by a healthy one. The success of allo-HSCT depends on the balance between the donor and recipient immune systems. The effectiveness of allo-HSCT lies in the donor immune system's capacity to remove leukemia cells via the graft-versus-leukemia effect, where donor T cells recognize and eliminate leukemic cells. Despite allo-HSCT is a curative therapy it is not exempt from developing posttransplant complications, associated with the aggressiveness of the process, such as graft rejection, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), infections, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), hemorrhagic cystitis (HC), disease relapse, etc.Overall 35-50% of patients who undergo allo-HSCT develop GVHD. GVHD is the major cause of morbidity and mortality after allo-HSCT. The factors that are often used to determine the risk of GVHD and other post-transplant complications are HLA compatibility between donor and recipient, age and gender of donor and recipient, source of hematopoietic progenitors, GVHD prophylaxis, diagnosis of the disease, conditioning regimen, etc. However, there are already studies showing that polymorphisms in immune system or drug metabolism genes are correlated with the development of post-transplant complications...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 02-11-2022