Estudio comparativo in vitro de la exactitud en la toma de registros para prótesis sobre implantes de arcada completa mediante técnica convencional ferulizada y estereofotogrametría: influencia de la angulación y tipo de conexión
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2020
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17/07/2019
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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INTRODUCCIÓN: Las impresiones suponen un paso de relevancia en las rehabilitaciones con implantes. La importancia de intentar obtener un correcto ajuste pasivo ha sido enormemente difundida; sin embargo, aún se desconoce el nivel exacto de ajuste que se corresponde con un tratamiento biomecánica y biológicamente exitoso. Los avances en la fabricación de estructuras (sistemas CAd/Cam) y aquellos relacionados con los materiales y técnicas de impresión han reducido enormemente las distorsiones de las estructuras. Estudios recientes muestran que los escáneres intraorales pueden ser tan exactos como las técnicas de impresión ferulizadas en puentes cortos. Sin embargo, los resultados no son tan buenos en impresiones sobre implantes de arcada completa. La aparición en 2010 de un sistema extraoral (PIC dental) de uso exclusivo con múltiples implantes podría ser un paso más hacia la consecución de estructuras implanto-soportadas con discrepancias imperceptibles.
OBJETIVOS: El propósito del presente estudio in vitro fue comparar digitalmente la exactitud 3D (en términos de precisión y veracidad) de impresiones sobre implantes de arcada completa obtenidas con una técnica basada en la fotogrametría (PIC dental) frente a una técnica de cubeta abierta ferulizada, con polivinilsiloxano y determinar si el tipo de conexión (externa/interna) y la angulación relativa de los implantes podría afectar esos parámetros.
MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se fabricaron cuatro modelos maestros con resina termopolimerizable y seis análogos de implantes compatibles con 3i Osseotite y 3i Certain, representando distintas situaciones clínicas en el maxilar: 1) conexión externa, implantes paralelos [CE-P], 2) conexión externa, implantes angulados[CE-A],3) conexión interna, implantes paralelos [CI-P, y 4) conexión interna, implantes angulados [CE-A]. Esos modelos fueron medidos con una máquina de medición de coordenadas (CMM, Global Evo, Hexagon) de alta precisión para obtener los datos a utilizar como referencia o "valor real". Se realizaron diez impresiones (N=10) de cada modelo maestro con cada una de las dos técnicas estudiadas. Todos los modelos de escayola (40) obtenidos con la técnica ferulizada, tras el vaciado, fueron escaneados con un escáner de laboratorio (Idéntica light, Medit Corp) para obtener sus archivos digitales (.stl) correspondientes. El sistema PIC proporciona ese tipo de archivosdirectamente tras la captura con la PIC Cámara. Los conjuntos de datos obtenidos de las dos técnicas fueron superpuestos con los de referencia para evaluar las desviaciones angulares y las diferencias entre doce distancias euclídeas seleccionadas.
RESULTADOS: Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre técnicas en veracidad y precisión. Las desviaciones 3D medias respecto a la referencia fueron de 37'68 +-21'38 um para PIC y 21'56 +-19'88 um para la técnica ferulizada, ambas dentro de tolerancia clínica. La precisión del método fotogramétrico fue de 27'56 +-15'99 um vs 22'83 +-14,75 um (técnica ferulizada). El tipo de conexión y la angulación de los implantes no afectó la veracidad de ninguna de las técnicas, pero ambos factores influyeron significativamente en la precisión del sistema PIC, mostrando éste mejores resultados con conexión interna y en implantes angulados. Cabe destacar que el tamaño de la diferencia(<6um) hace que no se le atribuya relevancia clínica. Las desviaciones angulares fueron significativamente diferentes entre técnicas (0'29º +-0'20º vs 0'14º +-0'12º), presentando la técnica ferulizada las menores desviaciones. El tipo de conexión influyó en esta distorsión, pero no la angulación de los implantes.
CONCLUSIONES: Dentro de las limitaciones de este estudio in vitro las impresiones de arcada completa realizadas con la técnica convencional ferulizada fueron significativamente más exactas que las obtenidas con PIC dental. Sin embargo, la magnitud de las diferencias fue inferior a 16 um. Por ello, consideramos que ambas técnicas podrían emplearse en arcadas completas con implantes ya que sus desviaciones se encuentran por debajo de las 50 um consideradas como clínicamente permisible. Se necesitan más estudios en esta línea de investigación para corroborar los resultados obtenidos.
INTRODUCTION: Dental impressions represent a major step in implant rehabilitations. The importance of trying to obtein a passive fit of the superstructures has been widely spread, althought it's still unkown the exact level of misfit which correspond to biomechanical and biological success. Advances in the fabrication of structures (CAD/CAM technologies) and those related to impression materials and techniques have reduced distortions inmensely. Recent studies show that intraoral scanners can be as accurate as the splinted impression technique in short span prostheses. Nevertheless, results are not that good when referred to full-arch implant impressions. The appearance in 2010 of an extraoral technique (PIC dental) for exclusive use with mutiple implants could be another step towards implant-supported structures with imperceptible discrepancies. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this in vitro study was to digititally compare the 3D accuracy (trueness and precision) of full-arch implant impressions obtained from a technique based on stereophotogrammetry (PIC dental) and a conventional splinted open-tray impression technique with polivinilsiloxane, and determine if the type of connection (external /internal) and the relative angulation of implants could affect those parameters. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Four master casts were fabricated in thermopolymerizing acrylic resin with six implant analogs (compatible with 3i Osseotite and 3i Certain) representing different clinical situations in the maxilla: 1) external connection, parallel implants [EC-P],2)external connection angulated implants [EC-A],3) internal connection, parallel implants [IC-P], and 4 internal connection, angulated implants [IC-A]. They were the measured using a high-precision coordinate measuring machine (CMM, Global Evo, Hexagon) to register the data to be considered as reference or true value. Ten impressions of each of the master models were taken with each of the studied methods (N=10). All the plaster models (40) obtained from the splinted open-tray technique were scanned using a laboratory scanner (Identica light, Medit Corp) to obtain the correspondent digital files (.stl). PIC dental provided these files directly after capturing the implant positions with its PIC camera. Datasets from the two test groups (PIC and splinted technique) were superimposed with th dataset from the master cast to assess the tridimensional deviations of the implants were also measured, as well as the differences between 12 selected euclidean distances. RESULTS: the results showed a significant difference in trueness and preision between techniques. Means 3D deviations from the reference were found to be 37'68 +- 21'38 um for PIC and 21'56 +- 19'88 um for the conventional method, both within clinical tolerance. Precision for the photogrammetric method was found to be 27'56+-15'99 um vs 22'83+- um (splinted tecnique). Type of connection and angulation of the implants did not affect the trueness of either of the two tecniques, but both factors did significantly affect the precision of the pIC system, which showed better results with angulated implants and internal connection. It must be noted, though, that the size of the difference (<6um) makes the effect clinically irrelevant. Angular deviations were significantly different between techniques (0'29º +- 0'20º vs 0'14º +-0'12º with less deviation corresponding with the splinted tecnique. The type of connection slightly affected these deviations, but not implant angulation.
INTRODUCTION: Dental impressions represent a major step in implant rehabilitations. The importance of trying to obtein a passive fit of the superstructures has been widely spread, althought it's still unkown the exact level of misfit which correspond to biomechanical and biological success. Advances in the fabrication of structures (CAD/CAM technologies) and those related to impression materials and techniques have reduced distortions inmensely. Recent studies show that intraoral scanners can be as accurate as the splinted impression technique in short span prostheses. Nevertheless, results are not that good when referred to full-arch implant impressions. The appearance in 2010 of an extraoral technique (PIC dental) for exclusive use with mutiple implants could be another step towards implant-supported structures with imperceptible discrepancies. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this in vitro study was to digititally compare the 3D accuracy (trueness and precision) of full-arch implant impressions obtained from a technique based on stereophotogrammetry (PIC dental) and a conventional splinted open-tray impression technique with polivinilsiloxane, and determine if the type of connection (external /internal) and the relative angulation of implants could affect those parameters. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Four master casts were fabricated in thermopolymerizing acrylic resin with six implant analogs (compatible with 3i Osseotite and 3i Certain) representing different clinical situations in the maxilla: 1) external connection, parallel implants [EC-P],2)external connection angulated implants [EC-A],3) internal connection, parallel implants [IC-P], and 4 internal connection, angulated implants [IC-A]. They were the measured using a high-precision coordinate measuring machine (CMM, Global Evo, Hexagon) to register the data to be considered as reference or true value. Ten impressions of each of the master models were taken with each of the studied methods (N=10). All the plaster models (40) obtained from the splinted open-tray technique were scanned using a laboratory scanner (Identica light, Medit Corp) to obtain the correspondent digital files (.stl). PIC dental provided these files directly after capturing the implant positions with its PIC camera. Datasets from the two test groups (PIC and splinted technique) were superimposed with th dataset from the master cast to assess the tridimensional deviations of the implants were also measured, as well as the differences between 12 selected euclidean distances. RESULTS: the results showed a significant difference in trueness and preision between techniques. Means 3D deviations from the reference were found to be 37'68 +- 21'38 um for PIC and 21'56 +- 19'88 um for the conventional method, both within clinical tolerance. Precision for the photogrammetric method was found to be 27'56+-15'99 um vs 22'83+- um (splinted tecnique). Type of connection and angulation of the implants did not affect the trueness of either of the two tecniques, but both factors did significantly affect the precision of the pIC system, which showed better results with angulated implants and internal connection. It must be noted, though, that the size of the difference (<6um) makes the effect clinically irrelevant. Angular deviations were significantly different between techniques (0'29º +- 0'20º vs 0'14º +-0'12º with less deviation corresponding with the splinted tecnique. The type of connection slightly affected these deviations, but not implant angulation.
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid de la Facultad de Odontología del Departamento de Odontología Conservadora y Prótesis Bucofacial, leída el 17-07-2019