Desarrollo de un programa de actividades musicales para la contribución del pensamiento computacional desenchufado en educación infantil

Abstract

Introduction. National and international educational bodies emphasize the importance of developing teaching-learning strategies in classrooms that standardize the use of Information and Communication Technologies in a globalized world. For this reason, programming and robotics have been introduced in classrooms in Spain from early childhood education to higher education as a means of contributing to computational thinking and other approaches such as the STEAM construct in which the arts and sciences converge. Objective. This paper aims to present a program of musical activities for early childhood education with which to contribute to unplugged computational thinking and the language of programming and its relevance in 3-year-old classrooms. Method. This qualitative study presents a didactic proposal with musical activities to develop computational language. These activities were conducted during the 2021-2022 school year in two 3-year-old classrooms in a school in the Community of Madrid, Spain. The participants were 38 students and the two tutors of these classrooms. These two professionals collected information on the categories analyzed and the children’s evaluation items through participant observation and subsequent recordings. Results. The results show a positive development in literacy in programming and robotics, as well as an improvement in spatial reasoning skills, progress in logical thinking, lower limbs motor control, and oculo-manual dexterity. Conclusions. There exists the need to perform programming and robotics activities in contexts and learning situations in pre-school classrooms for the development of computational thinking and interdisciplinary work in all areas of this stage.Introduction. National and international educational bodies emphasize the importance of developing teaching-learning strategies in classrooms that standardize the use of Information and Communication Technologies in a globalized world. For this reason, programming and robotics have been introduced in classrooms in Spain from early childhood education to higher education as a means of contributing to computational thinking and other approaches such as the STEAM construct in which the arts and sciences converge. Objective. This paper aims to present a program of musical activities for early childhood education with which to contribute to unplugged computational thinking and the language of programming and its relevance in 3-year-old classrooms. Method. This qualitative study presents a didactic proposal with musical activities to develop computational language. These activities were conducted during the 2021-2022 school year in two 3-year-old classrooms in a school in the Community of Madrid, Spain. The participants were 38 students and the two tutors of these classrooms. These two professionals collected information on the categories analyzed and the children’s evaluation items through participant observation and subsequent recordings. Results. The results show a positive development in literacy in programming and robotics, as well as an improvement in spatial reasoning skills, progress in logical thinking, lower limbs motor control, and oculo-manual dexterity. Conclusions. There exists the need to perform programming and robotics activities in contexts and learning situations in pre-school classrooms for the development of computational thinking and interdisciplinary work in all areas of this stageIntrodução. As organizações nacionais e internacionais competentes em educação destacam a importância de desenvolver estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem nas salas de aula que normalizem a utilização das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação num mundo globalizado. Por esta razão, a programação e a robótica foram introduzidas nas salas de aula espanholas desde a educação infantil até ao ensino superior como forma de contribuir para o pensamento computacional e outras abordagens como a construção STEAM, na qual as artes e as ciências convergem. Objetivo. Apresentar um programa de atividades musicais para a educação infantil com o qual se pretende contribuir para o Pensamento Computacional desconectado e a linguagem de programação e sua relevância em salas de aula de crianças de 3 anos de idade. Método. Por meio de um estudo qualitativo, apresentamos uma proposta didáctica, com actividades musicais para o desenvolvimento do pensamento e da linguagem computacional, implementada durante o ano lectivo de 2021-2022 em duas salas de aula de crianças 3 anos numa escola da Comunidade de Madrid, Espanha. Os participantes eram 38 estudantes e os dois tutores destas salas de aula. Esses dois profissionais coletaram informações sobre as categorias analisadas, bem como sobre os itens de avaliação das crianças por meio de observação participante e posterior registro. Resultados. Os resultados mostram um desenvolvimento positivo na alfabetização em programação e robótica, bem como uma melhoria nas capacidades de raciocínio espacial, progresso no pensamento lógico, bem como no controlo motor dos membros inferiores, e destreza oculo-manual. Conclusões. Isso mostra a necessidade de realizar atividades de programação e robótica em contextos e situações de aprendizagem em salas de aula infantis para o desenvolvimento do pensamento computacional, bem como trabalho interdisciplinar em todas as áreas desta fase.