Construyendo imaginarios: representación de Cuba en la prensa escrita española y uruguaya
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2023
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10/03/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Desde el ascenso de la Revolución, Cuba ha sido objeto de infinidad de productos culturales en los que diversos grupos sociales de todo el mundo han proyectado sus valores, sus aspiraciones, sus miedos, sus afectos y sus aversiones. Cuba ha funcionado como un receptáculo discursos que en la mayoría de casos hablaban tanto, o más, sobre los emisores de los mismos, que sobre los aspectos de la realidad cubana a los que referían. En esta tesis se realiza un análisis de las representaciones que varios medios de prensa escrita, españoles (El País, ABC y La Vanguardia) y uruguayos (El País, La Diaria, Brecha, y Búsqueda), realizaron de la realidad cubana durante dos eventos de elevada trascendencia noticiosa. Por un lado, el anuncio y tratamiento inicial de la enfermedad que apartó a Fidel Castro del gobierno en julio de 2006 y, por otro, la visita del presidente estadounidense Barack Obama a La Habana en marzo de 2016.Para realizar esta investigación, se ha partido de una metodología del análisis de contenido desde el enfoque teórico del framing o estrategia del encuadre, combinada con la óptica interpretativa que aporta el análisis crítico del discurso. Esto ha permitido catalogar más de 400 noticias y analizar las representaciones que se han volcado en ellas identificando percepciones subyacentes acerca de conceptos como el socialismo, el capitalismo, el desarrollo, el tercer mundo, etc. A su vez, el análisis ha estado orientado por aportaciones teóricas de autores como Antonio Gramsci, y de las lecturas que de él realizaron otros como Stuart Hall, desde los Estudios Culturales. También han alumbrado este trabajo aportes realizados desde los estudios poscoloniales, así como enfoques renovados sobre el nacionalismo, como la categoría de "nacionalismo banal", acuñada por Michael Billig...
Since the rise of the Revolution, Cuba has been the object of countless cultural products in which various social groups from around the world have projected their values, their aspirations, their fears, their affections and their aversions. Cuba has functioned as a receptacle for discourses that, in most cases, spoke as much or more about their issuers than about the aspects of Cuban reality to which they referred. This thesis analyzes the representations that written press media from Spain (El País, ABC and La Vanguardia) and Uruguay (El País, La Diaria, Brecha, and Búsqueda) made of the Cuban reality during two events of high significance. On the one hand, the announcement and initial treatment of the disease that removed Fidel Castro from the government in July 2006 and, on the other, the visit of US President Barack Obama to La Havana in March 2016.To carry out this analysis, we have started from a content analysis methodology from the theoretical approach of framing, combined with the interpretive perspective provided by critical discourse analysis. This has made it possible to catalog more than 400 news items and analyze the representations that have been used in them, identifying underlying perceptions about concepts such as socialism, capitalism, development, the third world, etc. In turn, the analysis has been guided by theoretical contributions from authors such as Antonio Gramsci, and the readings that others such as Stuart Hall made of him, from Cultural Studies. Contributions made from postcolonial studies have also illuminated this work, as well as renewed approaches to nationalism, such as the category of "banal nationalism", coined by Michael Billig...
Since the rise of the Revolution, Cuba has been the object of countless cultural products in which various social groups from around the world have projected their values, their aspirations, their fears, their affections and their aversions. Cuba has functioned as a receptacle for discourses that, in most cases, spoke as much or more about their issuers than about the aspects of Cuban reality to which they referred. This thesis analyzes the representations that written press media from Spain (El País, ABC and La Vanguardia) and Uruguay (El País, La Diaria, Brecha, and Búsqueda) made of the Cuban reality during two events of high significance. On the one hand, the announcement and initial treatment of the disease that removed Fidel Castro from the government in July 2006 and, on the other, the visit of US President Barack Obama to La Havana in March 2016.To carry out this analysis, we have started from a content analysis methodology from the theoretical approach of framing, combined with the interpretive perspective provided by critical discourse analysis. This has made it possible to catalog more than 400 news items and analyze the representations that have been used in them, identifying underlying perceptions about concepts such as socialism, capitalism, development, the third world, etc. In turn, the analysis has been guided by theoretical contributions from authors such as Antonio Gramsci, and the readings that others such as Stuart Hall made of him, from Cultural Studies. Contributions made from postcolonial studies have also illuminated this work, as well as renewed approaches to nationalism, such as the category of "banal nationalism", coined by Michael Billig...
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias de la Información, leída el 10/03/2023. Tesis retirada por expreso deseo del autor