Los deberes escolares. Un análisis sistematizado con especial referencia al caso español
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2020
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Universidad de La Rioja
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La cuestión de los deberes ha sido especialmente controvertida en España durante los últimos años a raíz de las protestas planteadas por parte de las familias con relación al exceso de tiempo que sus hijos tienen que dedicar a tal actividad. El principal referente en la investigación sobre esta cuestión es Cooper. El problema fundamental que, desde la perspectiva de hoy, nos presenta su trabajo es que las investigaciones en las que basa su metaanálisis fueron realizadas hace ya más de una década. En todo caso, de sus escritos se pueden extraer varias lecciones muy claras: hay una moderada correlación entre la realización de deberes y los resultados escolares en Secundaria pero ninguna en Primaria, más de dos horas de deberes al día resultan contraproducentes y los padres no deben participar en su realización. En España, algo sabemos gracias a los informes PISA y TIMSS y a algunos informes realizados a instancia de consejos escolares autonómicos. Lo que aquí se observa es que nuestros estudiantes realizan muchos deberes y que estos son difíciles y nada creativos. Pese a ello, la inmensa mayoría, tanto del alumnado como del profesorado y de los padres, los considera necesarios. El tipo de deberes que han de realizar nuestros escolares se explica por el tipo de docencia y el currículo imperante en nuestra escuela.
The issue of homework has been particularly controversial in Spain in recent years as a result of the protests raised by families regarding the excessive amount of time their children have to devote to this activity. The main reference in the research about this issue is Cooper. What Cooper does is a meta-analysis. The main problem is that this research was carried out more than a decade ago. In any case, several very clear lessons can be drawn from his analysis: there is a moderate correlation between homework and school results in Secondary Education but none in Primary Education. More than two hours of homework per day are counterproductive and parents should not participate in its completion. In the case of Spain it is possible to resort to PISA and TIMSS data and to some reports being issued at the request of school councils from some Spanish regions. What we see here is that our students do a lot of homework which is for the most part difficult and uncreative. In spite of this, the vast majority of students, teachers and parents consider them to be necessary. The type of homework that our students have to do is explained by the hegemonic teaching style and the huge prevailing curriculum in Spain.
The issue of homework has been particularly controversial in Spain in recent years as a result of the protests raised by families regarding the excessive amount of time their children have to devote to this activity. The main reference in the research about this issue is Cooper. What Cooper does is a meta-analysis. The main problem is that this research was carried out more than a decade ago. In any case, several very clear lessons can be drawn from his analysis: there is a moderate correlation between homework and school results in Secondary Education but none in Primary Education. More than two hours of homework per day are counterproductive and parents should not participate in its completion. In the case of Spain it is possible to resort to PISA and TIMSS data and to some reports being issued at the request of school councils from some Spanish regions. What we see here is that our students do a lot of homework which is for the most part difficult and uncreative. In spite of this, the vast majority of students, teachers and parents consider them to be necessary. The type of homework that our students have to do is explained by the hegemonic teaching style and the huge prevailing curriculum in Spain.