Translation and Validation of the Spanish Movement Imagery Questionnaire Revised Second Version (MIQ-RS)

Abstract

Background: Motor imagery, which emphasizes mental rehearsal of motor skills to improve function, is frequently used in clinical practice. Because of its increasing use, reliable and valid tools are necessary to evaluate motor imagery abilities. However, there are few questionnaires translated and validated into Spanish language. Objective: To translate, transculturally adapt, and validate the Spanish version of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised Sec-ond Version (MIQ-RS). Design: A single-center observational study. Setting: University community. Participants: One hundred fifty-five healthy participants were recruited. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Spanish translation of the MIQ-RS and psychometric performances of the questionnaire were tested using concurrent-criterion and content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and test-rest reliability. Internal consistency, concurrent-criterion validity, construct validity, and test-rest reliability were assessed with Cronbach´s alpha, Spearman´s correla-tion coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Results: Results showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.90), test-retest reliability (ICC for visual items = 0.844 and for kinesthetic items = 0.70) and content and criterion-concurrent validity (Spearman´s correlation coefficient for visual items, 0.60 and for kinesthetic items, 0.81) of the MIQ-RS Spanish version. The two-factor structure was supported by confirmatory factor anal-ysis. Statistically significant gender differences were observed in mean kinesthetic motor imagery scores and in mean visual motor imagery scores according to sports practice. No significant differences for gender, age, and sports, musical, and dance practice were reported. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the MIQ-RS is a valid and reliable tool to assess motor imagery abilities in healthy young people.