Ocean dynamics shapes the structure and timing of Atlantic Equatorial Modes

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dc.contributor.authorMartín Rey, Marta
dc.contributor.authorPolo Sánchez, Irene
dc.contributor.authorRodríguez De Fonseca, María Belén
dc.contributor.authorLazar, Alban
dc.contributor.authorLosada Doval, Teresa
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-16T15:15:41Z
dc.date.available2023-06-16T15:15:41Z
dc.date.issued2019-11
dc.description© 2019. American Geophysical Union.All Rights Reserved. We would like to thank Jean‐Marc Molines for his strong support to perform the simulations with the NEMO model. The research leading to these results received funding from the EU FP7/2007‐2013 under Grant Agreement 603521 (PREFACE project), the MORDICUS grant under contract ANR‐13‐SENV‐0002‐01, the PRE‐ 4CAST (CGL2017‐86415‐R), CNES/EUMETSAT (CNES ‐ DIA/TEC‐ 2016.8595, EUM/LEO‐JAS3/DOC/16/ 852054), the MSCA‐IF‐EF‐ST FESTIVAL (H2020‐EU project 797236) and the EU‐TRIATLAS (ref. 817578). The observed SSTs from HadISST dataset were provided by the MetOffice Hadley Centre, from its website at https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/ hadisst/. The data from the INTER simulation are available from the authors upon request.
dc.description.abstractA recent study has brought to light the co‐existence of two distinct Atlantic Equatorial Modes during negative phases of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability: the Atlantic Niño and Horse‐Shoe (HS) mode. Nevertheless, the associated air‐sea interactions for HS mode have not been explored so far and the prevailing dynamic view of the Atlantic Niño has been questioned. Here, using a forced ocean model simulation, we find that for both modes, ocean dynamics is essential to explain the equatorial SST variations, while air‐sea fluxes control the off‐equatorial SST anomalies. Moreover, we demonstrate the key role played by ocean waves in shaping their distinct structure and timing. For the positive phase of both Atlantic Niño and HS, anomalous westerly winds trigger a set of equatorial downwelling Kelvin waves (KW) during spring‐summer. These dKWs deepen the thermocline, favouring the equatorial warming through vertical diffusion and horizontal advection. Remarkably, for the HS, an anomalous north‐equatorial wind stress curl excites an upwelling Rossby wave (RW), which propagates westward and is reflected at the western boundary becoming an equatorial upwelling KW. The uKW propagates to the east, activating the thermocline feedbacks responsible to cool the sea surface during summer months. This RW‐reflected mechanism acts as a negative feedback causing the early termination of the HS mode. Our results provide an improvement in the understanding of the TAV modes and emphasize the importance of ocean wave activity to modulate the equatorial SST variability. These findings could be very useful to improve the prediction of the Equatorial Modes.
dc.description.departmentDepto. de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica
dc.description.facultyFac. de Ciencias Físicas
dc.description.refereedTRUE
dc.description.sponsorshipUnión Europea. H2020
dc.description.sponsorshipUnión Europea. FP7
dc.description.sponsorshipMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)
dc.description.sponsorshipCNES/EUMETSAT
dc.description.statuspub
dc.eprint.idhttps://eprints.ucm.es/id/eprint/58669
dc.identifier.doi10.1029/2019JC015030
dc.identifier.issn2169-9275
dc.identifier.officialurlhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015030
dc.identifier.relatedurlhttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/6018
dc.issue.number11
dc.journal.titleJournal of geophysical research-oceans
dc.language.isoeng
dc.page.final7544
dc.page.initial7529
dc.publisherAmer Geophysical Union
dc.relation.projectIDPREFACE (603521); TRIATLAS (817578)
dc.relation.projectIDFESTIVAL (797236)
dc.relation.projectIDPRE‐ 4CAST (CGL2017‐86415‐R); MORDICUS (ANR‐13‐SENV‐0002‐01)
dc.relation.projectIDCNES ‐ DIA/TEC‐ 2016.8595
dc.relation.projectIDEUM/LEO‐JAS3/DOC/16/ 852054
dc.rights.accessRightsopen access
dc.subject.cdu52
dc.subject.keywordCold-tongue
dc.subject.keywordVariability
dc.subject.keywordPacific
dc.subject.keywordEvent
dc.subject.keywordOrigin
dc.subject.keywordNinos
dc.subject.ucmFísica atmosférica
dc.subject.unesco2501 Ciencias de la Atmósfera
dc.titleOcean dynamics shapes the structure and timing of Atlantic Equatorial Modes
dc.typejournal article
dc.volume.number124
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublication3b36c31e-a46b-4f43-896b-bb0ec386447d
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationd74aa455-1e6d-4a25-8ac2-348f2dbcdccf
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationa3494605-922c-4914-8015-fb37bf6f596a
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery3b36c31e-a46b-4f43-896b-bb0ec386447d
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