Estudio de la superficie ocular en población pediátrica
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2022
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30/06/2022
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Las alteraciones de la superficie ocular afectan a una gran parte de la población, en particular la enfermedad de ojo seco (EOS) que es una de las primeras causas de consulta oftalmológica. Estas alteraciones han sido objeto de una amplia investigación en la población adulta que no se extiende a la población pediátrica. Las modificaciones de la superficie ocular alteran la composición lagrimal y los tejidos oculares, reducen la calidad de la visión y producen sintomatología que afecta a la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Hay factores ambientales a los que también están expuestos los niños como la contaminación, el porte de lentes de contacto y el uso de pantallas digitales que influyen negativamente en el estado de la superficie ocular. Adicionalmente, se ha descrito una falta de asociación entre la sintomatología y la afectación de la superficie ocular, detectándose en ocasiones signos de alteración ocular sin manifestar síntomas y viceversa. Si a esto se añade, que para los niños y adolescentes puede ser más difícil identificar y manifestar estos síntomas cabe la posibilidad de que exista una parte de la población con alteraciones de la superficie ocular sin detectar. Los escasos estudios en población pediátrica hasta la fecha están realizados en distintas poblaciones (bebés, niños, adolescentes) utilizan distintos protocolos y criterios diagnósticos establecidos para poblaciones adultas...
Ocular surface disorders affect a large part of the population, in particular dry eye disease (DED), which is one of the leading cause of ophthalmological consultations. These disorders have been the focus of extensive research in the adult population, which does not extend to the pediatric population. Modifications of the ocular surface alter tear composition and ocular tissues, reduce the quality of vision and produce symptoms that affect the quality of life of patients. Environmental factors (to which children are also exposed) such as pollution, the wearing of contact lenses and the use of digital screens have a negative influence on the condition of the ocular surface. Furthermore, a lack of association has been described between symptomatology and ocular surface conditions, with signs of ocular alteration sometimes being detected without manifesting symptoms and vice versa. If we add the fact that it may be more difficult to identify and manifest these symptoms for children and adolescents, it is possible that there is a part of the population with undetected ocular surface disorders. The few studies in the pediatric population to date have been carried out in different populations (infants, children, teenagers) using different protocols and diagnostic criteria established for adult populations...
Ocular surface disorders affect a large part of the population, in particular dry eye disease (DED), which is one of the leading cause of ophthalmological consultations. These disorders have been the focus of extensive research in the adult population, which does not extend to the pediatric population. Modifications of the ocular surface alter tear composition and ocular tissues, reduce the quality of vision and produce symptoms that affect the quality of life of patients. Environmental factors (to which children are also exposed) such as pollution, the wearing of contact lenses and the use of digital screens have a negative influence on the condition of the ocular surface. Furthermore, a lack of association has been described between symptomatology and ocular surface conditions, with signs of ocular alteration sometimes being detected without manifesting symptoms and vice versa. If we add the fact that it may be more difficult to identify and manifest these symptoms for children and adolescents, it is possible that there is a part of the population with undetected ocular surface disorders. The few studies in the pediatric population to date have been carried out in different populations (infants, children, teenagers) using different protocols and diagnostic criteria established for adult populations...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, leída el 30-06-2022