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Epitheliosis is a histopathological finding associated with malignancy and poor prognosis in dogs with mammary tumors

Citation

Valdivia G, Alonso-Diez Á, Alonso-Miguel D, Suárez M, García P, Ortiz-Díez G, Pérez-Alenza MD, Peña L. Epitheliosis is a histopathological finding associated with malignancy and poor prognosis in dogs with mammary tumors. Vet Pathol. 2022 Apr 22;59(5):747-758

Abstract

Canine mammary epitheliosis (ME) is a poorly studied dysplasia that may have premalignant potential. In this study, the clinicopathological relevance of ME was prospectively studied in 90 female dogs with mammary tumors (MTs) that underwent radical mastectomy. ME distribution, extent, and coexistence with benign and malignant MTs were evaluated for each case (505 mammary glands). ME was macroscopically undetectable and was present in 47/90 (52%) cases, frequently bilateral. In dogs with malignant MTs and ME, diffuse ME throughout the mammary chain was present in 10/39 (26%) cases. A histological ME-carcinoma transition was evident in certain histotypes. By immunohistochemistry (AE1/AE3, cytokeratin 14 [CK-14], CK-8/18, vimentin, calponin, p63, Ki-67, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), ME was a slow-growing, triple-negative process with a strong predominance of basal-like nonmyoepithelial cells. ME was associated with older dogs (P = .016), malignant tumors (P = .044), worse clinical stages (P = .013), lymph node metastasis (LNM, P = .021), higher histological grade tumors (P = .035), and shorter overall survival (OS) in univariate analysis (P = .012). Interestingly, ME was distantly located to the malignant tumor in most cases (P = .007). In multivariate analyses, LNM (P = .005), histological grade (P = .006), and tumor size (P = .006) were independent predictors of OS. For the pathologist, the observation of ME should be clearly stated in the MT biopsy report to alert the surgeon/oncologist. Given the differences between canine ME and its human histopathological counterpart (atypical ductal hyperplasia), "epitheliosis" should remain the preferred term for the dog.

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Beca de doctorado financiada a través del Consejo Mexicano para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CONACYT; 515916 a Guillermo Valdivia); la beca ECVP de residencia de especialización en Patología Veterinaria de la Universidad Complutense (69/2018 a Ángela Alonso Díez); y un contrato de doctorado en la Universidad Complutense (7026349846-Y0SC001170 a Daniel Alonso Miguel)

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