Procesos de regularización y crisis económica: las redes de apoyo de los migrantes en el sur de Madrid
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Publication date
2022
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Cajamar Caja Rural
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Abstract
Este artículo analiza el papel de las redes de apoyo de los migrantes en el sur de Madrid durante los primeros años de la crisis económica (2007-2012), cuando terminaba la década prodigiosa de la inmigración en España y se abría una nueva fase dentro del ciclo migratorio español. Los resultados se extraen de un trabajo de campo realizado mediante entrevistas, grupos de discusión y observaciones con migrantes, empleados de servicios municipales y representantes de entidades sociales. No todas las redes cumplen la misma función. Las sostenidas por actores institucionales, protectores o profesionales son complementarias, y pueden proporcionar una ayuda valiosa a los migrantes. La profesionalización de los migrantes se ve garantizada cuando las redes permiten la transmisión de «saberes migratorios», relativos a los procesos de regularización, pero también relativos a otros aspectos de sus carreras migratorias, especialmente en época de crisis económica. Son factores claves la densidad de las redes y la adecuación de los recursos proporcionados. Por el contrario, cuando las redes son formadas por actores que explotan la vulnerabilidad de los migrantes, mediante sumas elevadas de dinero, o informaciones erróneas, estas redes adquieren un carácter restrictivo.
The paper analyses the role of migrant support networks in southern Madrid during the early years of the economic crisis (2007-2012), when Spain's decade of prodigious immigration came to an end, giving way to a new phase in the Spanish migratory cycle. !e results are gleaned from field work involving interviews, discussion groups and observations with migrants, employees of municipal services and representatives of social organisation. Not all networks perform the same function. !e ones maintained by institutional, protective or professional organisations are complementary and can provide valuable assistance for migrants. Professionalisation of migrants is assured when networks allow the transmission of «migratory knowledge» of the process of regularisation, but also in relation to other aspects of their migratory trajectories, especially in times of economic crisis. !e density of the networks and the adequacy of the resources allocated are key factors. Conversely, when networks are formed by agents who exploit the vulnerability of migrants, extracting large sums of money or giving erroneous information, these networks become restrictive in nature.
The paper analyses the role of migrant support networks in southern Madrid during the early years of the economic crisis (2007-2012), when Spain's decade of prodigious immigration came to an end, giving way to a new phase in the Spanish migratory cycle. !e results are gleaned from field work involving interviews, discussion groups and observations with migrants, employees of municipal services and representatives of social organisation. Not all networks perform the same function. !e ones maintained by institutional, protective or professional organisations are complementary and can provide valuable assistance for migrants. Professionalisation of migrants is assured when networks allow the transmission of «migratory knowledge» of the process of regularisation, but also in relation to other aspects of their migratory trajectories, especially in times of economic crisis. !e density of the networks and the adequacy of the resources allocated are key factors. Conversely, when networks are formed by agents who exploit the vulnerability of migrants, extracting large sums of money or giving erroneous information, these networks become restrictive in nature.