El Cartel en el "Realismo social" del cine español
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2012
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Bueno Doral T. y García Castillo, N. (2012) El cartel en el realismo social del cine español. Revista de Comunicación Vivat Academia, 119
Abstract
El neorrealismo italiano supuso, entre otras cosas, una nueva estética cinematográfica que, expresándose de diversas formas según las características nacionales, tuvo una enorme importancia en distintos países del continente europeo durante la posguerra de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. En el caso español, resulta evidente el influjo que ejerció este movimiento sobre algunos directores en las décadas de los años cincuenta y sesenta. Asimismo, en numerosas ocasiones la corriente neorrealista transgredió la pantalla para transmitirse a los carteles cinematográficos que anunciaban sus películas. En el presente artículo se pretende demostrar la inexistencia en el ámbito español de un diseño de cartelería que aportara una estética diferenciada y propia, en contraposición a lo que sí se produjo en el caso italiano. Con este fin, presentamos las conclusiones alcanzadas tras aplicar un riguroso análisis de contenido que contemplaba el significante icónico y el textual. Por otro lado, en la comunicación se muestra cómo, a pesar de las múltiples dificultades a las que se enfrentaban los cartelistas (especialmente la censura y la falta de libertad creativa imperantes en la época), algunos de ellos alcanzaron un gran nivel creativo, consiguiendo aportar interesantes innovaciones al arte publicitario.
Italian neorealism entailed, among other things, a new cinematographic aesthetics which, expressed in diverse forms depending on national characteristics, had a paramount importance in different countries all over post-Second World War Europe. In the case of Spain, this movement obviously influenced several directors in the fifties and sixties. Likewise, the neorealist stream transgressed the limits of the screen to spread to film posters in numerous occasions. In the present research paper, we intend to discuss the non-existence in Spain of a poster design which contributed to a distinct aesthetics, in contrast with the phenomenon occurred in Italy. For this purpose, we introduce the results achieved after applying a rigorous content analysis that combined both iconic and textual signifiers. Furthermore, this paper shows how a few Spanish poster designers reached high creative standards that provided interesting innovations to the advertising art, in spite of the multiple adversities they had to face, such as the censorship and lack of artistic freedom prevailing during this period.
Italian neorealism entailed, among other things, a new cinematographic aesthetics which, expressed in diverse forms depending on national characteristics, had a paramount importance in different countries all over post-Second World War Europe. In the case of Spain, this movement obviously influenced several directors in the fifties and sixties. Likewise, the neorealist stream transgressed the limits of the screen to spread to film posters in numerous occasions. In the present research paper, we intend to discuss the non-existence in Spain of a poster design which contributed to a distinct aesthetics, in contrast with the phenomenon occurred in Italy. For this purpose, we introduce the results achieved after applying a rigorous content analysis that combined both iconic and textual signifiers. Furthermore, this paper shows how a few Spanish poster designers reached high creative standards that provided interesting innovations to the advertising art, in spite of the multiple adversities they had to face, such as the censorship and lack of artistic freedom prevailing during this period.