Publication: El orientalismo en la fotografía del siglo XIX. La experiencia del viaje a Oriente
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2021-04-15
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La presente investigación aborda el tema del orientalismo en la fotografía del siglo XIX, en relación con la teoría del orientalismo desarrollada a partir de las investigaciones de Edward W. Said y de los estudios postcolonialistas. A través de las imágenes fotográficas se pretende crear un relato que recoja las claves iconográficas e interpretativas de ese periodo y a sus actores protagonistas: los fotógrafos que viajaron hacia Oriente Próximo y Andalucía entre 1839 y 1900 a la búsqueda de una experiencia propia de viaje y aventura. Consecuentemente, se establece un enfoque metodológico que supone una de las principales aportaciones del presente estudio realizado, al no existir, en lengua castellana, investigaciones similares. La primera parte del trabajo introduce la noción de orientalismo y desarrolla un marco teórico en el que se analiza la evolución del término en su aplicación al estudio de la fotografía. Consciente de la existencia de una definición confusa del término fotografía orientalista, se analizan otras terminologías propuestas. También se estudia la recepción de las primeras imágenes fotográficas de Oriente en Europa, la influencia del orientalismo en la pintura y la literatura de viajes del siglo XIX, la evolución del viaje a Oriente a partir del grand tour y su transformación en la práctica del turismo. La segunda parte analiza el tema de la fotografía del siglo XIX en Oriente Próximo y la experiencia del viaje. Se toma en consideración las experiencias de los daguerrotipistas, calotipistas y fotógrafos del colodión en sus viajes a Oriente Próximo. Se analiza la evolución de la práctica fotográfica desde los pioneros hasta el desarrollo de los grandes estudios profesionales, tanto locales como extranjeros. La tercera parte está dedicada a la fotografía del siglo XIX en Andalucía, considerada un Oriente cercano, y a su relación con el orientalismo. Al igual que sucedía en la segunda parte, en esta se contextualiza la noción del orientalismo en el ámbito andaluz mediante un análisis de relatos y descripciones de intelectuales extranjeros y españoles del siglo XIX, el desarrollo del turismo en Andalucía y la experiencia del viaje de los fotógrafos extranjeros: daguerrotipistas, calotipistas y fotógrafos del colodión. También se estudian ejemplos de estudios fotográficos, locales y extranjeros...
This research addresses the issue of orientalism in 19th century photography, in relation to the theory of orientalism developed from the research of Edward W. Said and postcolonial studies. The aim of the photographic images is to create a story that gathers the iconographic and interpretive keys of that period and its leading actors: the photographers who traveled to the Middle East and Andalusia between 1839 and 1900 in search of their own travel and adventure experience. Consequently, a methodological approach is established that supposes one of the main contributions of the present study, as there is no similar research made in Spanish language. The first part of the work introduces the notion of orientalism and develops a theoretical framework in which the evolution of the term in its application to the study of photography is analyzed. Aware of the existence of a confusing definition of the term orientalist photography, other proposed terminologies are analyzed. The reception of the first photographic images of the Orient in Europe, the influence of orientalism in the painting and travel literature of the 19th century, the evolution of the trip to Orient from the grand tour and its transformation in the practice of tourism are also studied. The second part analyzes the theme of 19th century photography in the Middle East and the travel experience. The experiences daguerreotypists, calotypists, and collodion photographers are taken into account in their travels to the Middle East. The evolution of photographic practice is analyzed from the pioneers to the development of large professional studios, both local and foreign. The third part is dedicated to 19th century photography in Andalusia, considered a Near East, and its relationship with orientalism. As happened in the second part, in this the notion of orientalism in the Andalusian context is contextualized by means of an analysis of stories and descriptions of foreign and Spanish intellectuals of the 19th century, the development of tourism in Andalusia and the travel experience of the foreign photographers: daguerreotypists, colotypists and collodion photographers. Examples of photographic, local and foreign studies are also studied...
This research addresses the issue of orientalism in 19th century photography, in relation to the theory of orientalism developed from the research of Edward W. Said and postcolonial studies. The aim of the photographic images is to create a story that gathers the iconographic and interpretive keys of that period and its leading actors: the photographers who traveled to the Middle East and Andalusia between 1839 and 1900 in search of their own travel and adventure experience. Consequently, a methodological approach is established that supposes one of the main contributions of the present study, as there is no similar research made in Spanish language. The first part of the work introduces the notion of orientalism and develops a theoretical framework in which the evolution of the term in its application to the study of photography is analyzed. Aware of the existence of a confusing definition of the term orientalist photography, other proposed terminologies are analyzed. The reception of the first photographic images of the Orient in Europe, the influence of orientalism in the painting and travel literature of the 19th century, the evolution of the trip to Orient from the grand tour and its transformation in the practice of tourism are also studied. The second part analyzes the theme of 19th century photography in the Middle East and the travel experience. The experiences daguerreotypists, calotypists, and collodion photographers are taken into account in their travels to the Middle East. The evolution of photographic practice is analyzed from the pioneers to the development of large professional studios, both local and foreign. The third part is dedicated to 19th century photography in Andalusia, considered a Near East, and its relationship with orientalism. As happened in the second part, in this the notion of orientalism in the Andalusian context is contextualized by means of an analysis of stories and descriptions of foreign and Spanish intellectuals of the 19th century, the development of tourism in Andalusia and the travel experience of the foreign photographers: daguerreotypists, colotypists and collodion photographers. Examples of photographic, local and foreign studies are also studied...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Bellas Artes, leída el 04/12/2020