Papel de los astrocitos y de la proteína Midkine en la leucemia linfoblástica aguda tipo B
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2025
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29/11/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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La leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) es el cáncer infantil más frecuente y constituye la causa más común de muerte por enfermedad en la infancia 1. Actualmente, la tasa de supervivencia global para pacientes pediátricos con LLA se ha incrementado hasta un 80-90% gracias a la implementación de mejores combinaciones farmacológicas y de tratamientos adaptados a la estratificación de los pacientes en función del riesgo de recaída 2. Sin embargo, a pesar de los avances logrados con los actuales protocolos terapéuticos, todavía en torno al 10-15% de los pacientes experimentan recaídas tras haber logrado la remisión completa 3. Las recaídas en la LLA pueden afectar a la médula ósea y/o a localizaciones extramedulares, entre ellas el Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC). La LLA que afecta al SNC es considerada una enfermedad leptomeníngea, puesto que las células leucémicas se acumulan en el espacio subaracnoideo, donde forman agregados de diversos tamaños que contactan con la piamadre 4. En este contexto adquiere una gran relevancia la limitante glial-pial, una estructura que separa el espacio subaracnoideo del tejido nervioso, controlando el paso bidireccional de moléculas y células 5-7. Entre sus componentes principales se encuentran los astrocitos, uno de los principales tipos celulares que podrían responder frente a la infiltración leucémica y presumiblemente también frente al proceso inflamatorio sistémico asociado a la enfermedad. Sin embargo, son muy pocos los estudios publicados hasta el momento que se hayan centrado en analizar la respuesta astroglial a la metástasis leucémica...
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer and the leading cause of disease-related death in childhood 1. Currently, the overall survival rate for pediatric patients with ALL has increased to 80-90% thanks to the implementation of better pharmacological combinations and treatments tailored to patient stratification based on the risk of relapse 2. However, despite the advances achieved with current therapeutic protocols, about 10-15% of patients still experience relapses after achieving complete remission 3. Relapses in ALL can affect the bone marrow and/or extramedullary sites, including the Central Nervous System (CNS). ALL that affects the CNS is considered a leptomeningeal disease, as leukemic cells accumulate in the subarachnoid space, where they form aggregates of various sizes that contact the pia mater 4. In this context, the glial-pial limiting membrane, a structure that separates the subarachnoid space from the nervous tissue, controlling the bidirectional passage of molecules and cells, becomes highly relevant 5-7. Among its main components are astrocytes, one of the main cell types that could respond to leukemic infiltration and presumably also to the systemic inflammatory process associated with the disease. However, very few studies have been published to date that have focused on analyzing the astroglial response to leukemic metastasis...
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer and the leading cause of disease-related death in childhood 1. Currently, the overall survival rate for pediatric patients with ALL has increased to 80-90% thanks to the implementation of better pharmacological combinations and treatments tailored to patient stratification based on the risk of relapse 2. However, despite the advances achieved with current therapeutic protocols, about 10-15% of patients still experience relapses after achieving complete remission 3. Relapses in ALL can affect the bone marrow and/or extramedullary sites, including the Central Nervous System (CNS). ALL that affects the CNS is considered a leptomeningeal disease, as leukemic cells accumulate in the subarachnoid space, where they form aggregates of various sizes that contact the pia mater 4. In this context, the glial-pial limiting membrane, a structure that separates the subarachnoid space from the nervous tissue, controlling the bidirectional passage of molecules and cells, becomes highly relevant 5-7. Among its main components are astrocytes, one of the main cell types that could respond to leukemic infiltration and presumably also to the systemic inflammatory process associated with the disease. However, very few studies have been published to date that have focused on analyzing the astroglial response to leukemic metastasis...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 29-11-2024