Sondas fotoquímicas y materiales luminiscentes para la detección de micotoxinas carboxiladas
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2020
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22/11/2019
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En los últimos años la seguridad alimentaria se ha convertido en una preocupación creciente, no sólo para los poderes públicos y productores del sector alimentario, sino también para el conjunto de la sociedad. Entre los contaminantes químicos de los alimentos considerados como peligrosos se incluyen algunos tipos de micotoxinas. Pese a la gran diversidad química estructural que presenta este tipo de compuestos, las micotoxinas son productos naturales, generados como metabolitos secundarios por hongos filamentosos, cuyo peso molecular se encuentra alrededor de los 700 g/mol. Son altamente ionizables y, por ello, muy reactivos; al reaccionar con distintas dianas de las células eucariotas dan lugar a efectos nocivos para la salud humana, influyendo en la tasa creciente de enfermedades crónicas como infertilidad, defectos de nacimiento, deterioro del sistema inmunológico, lesiones cerebrales, etc. Paralelamente a la preocupación por la toxicidad en los alimentos, las técnicas analíticas han experimentado un gran avance y, con ellas, la tecnología de sensores químicos está alcanzando un extraordinario grado de sofisticación como alternativa a los métodos cromatográficos que requieren grandes y costosos equipos, así como personal especializado. Con el fin de desarrollar nuevos sensores químicos con la sensibilidad y selectividad necesarias para la determinación de micotoxinas en alimentos, se plantea la presente Tesis, la cual trata de combinar por un lado el campo de los polímeros con impronta molecular (MIPs) y, por otro, el de los polímeros conjugados luminiscentes (CLPs)...
In recent years, food safety has become a growing concern, not only for the public authorities and producers of the food sector, but also for the society. Chemical contaminants that are considered to be dangerous include some types of mycotoxins which are natural products, produced as secondary metabolites by filamentous fungi. These low molecular weight compounds (around 700 g/mol) are highly ionisable and therefore very reactive. They can react with different molecules of eukaryotic cells and cause harmful effects on the human health (infertility, birth defects, damage of the immune system, brain injuries, etc.). The growing need for new analytical methods with food safety applications has accelerated the development of sophisticated and sensitive methods to detect common food contaminants. In particular, owing to their many appealing characteristics, chemical sensors have become an attractive alternative to the chromatographic methods that require large and expensive equipment, as well as specialized personnel. The main goal of this thesis was to develop new chemical sensors that satisfy the sensitivity and selectivity requirements necessary for mycotoxin determination in food. For that reason two different fields are combined, on the one hand molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and, on the other, conjugated luminescent polymers (CLPs)...
In recent years, food safety has become a growing concern, not only for the public authorities and producers of the food sector, but also for the society. Chemical contaminants that are considered to be dangerous include some types of mycotoxins which are natural products, produced as secondary metabolites by filamentous fungi. These low molecular weight compounds (around 700 g/mol) are highly ionisable and therefore very reactive. They can react with different molecules of eukaryotic cells and cause harmful effects on the human health (infertility, birth defects, damage of the immune system, brain injuries, etc.). The growing need for new analytical methods with food safety applications has accelerated the development of sophisticated and sensitive methods to detect common food contaminants. In particular, owing to their many appealing characteristics, chemical sensors have become an attractive alternative to the chromatographic methods that require large and expensive equipment, as well as specialized personnel. The main goal of this thesis was to develop new chemical sensors that satisfy the sensitivity and selectivity requirements necessary for mycotoxin determination in food. For that reason two different fields are combined, on the one hand molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and, on the other, conjugated luminescent polymers (CLPs)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica I, leída el 22/11/2019













