Comprehensive Genomic Analysis of Meyerozyma guilliermondii CECT13190: An Outstanding Biocontrol Agent

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Biocontrol agents (BCAs) are gaining attention as sustainable alternatives to chemical pesticides. Understanding their molecular mechanisms is crucial for improving plant protection. This study investigates the genomic features of Meyerozyma guilliermondii CECT13190, a promising BCA, to identify key genes involved in its biocontrol abilities. Methods: Whole-genome sequencing of M. guilliermondii was performed, followed by bioinformatics analysis to identify genes and pathways related to biocontrol, including gene copy number variation (CNV) analysis. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was conducted to examine gene functions, and a comparative proteomics approach assessed the presence and role of proteins in the secretome of M. guilliermondii. Results: Genomic analysis revealed key biocontrol-related pathways. CNV analysis indicated a direct correlation between gene amplification and competitive fitness, with seven genes showing gains and five genes showing losses. GO analysis identified categories such as enzymes, transcription factors, ribosomal and proteasomal complexes, transporters, membrane proteins, RNA processing, and stress-response-related proteins. Secretome analysis identified HSP70 and HSP90 as potential effectors involved in biocontrol activity. Conclusions: This study provides insights into the genomic features of M. guilliermondii and its biocontrol potential. The identification of genes involved in the stress response and the secretome highlights the multifaceted mechanisms through which M. guilliermondii antagonizes plant pathogens. Practical outcomes include the identification of candidate genes and proteins, such as HSP70 and HSP90, which can be targeted to enhance biocontrol efficiency in agricultural applications. Additionally, the observed CNVs offer a potential avenue for strain improvement programs to optimize competitiveness and efficacy in field conditions.