Music and facial emotion recognition and its relationship with alexithymia
Loading...
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication date
2022
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
SAGE
Citations
Exportar
Citation
García-Rodríguez, M., Alvarado, J. M., Fernández-Company, J.-F., Jiménez, V., & Ivanova-Iotova, A. (2023). Music and facial emotion recognition and its relationship with alexithymia. Psychology of Music, 51(1), 259-273. https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356221091311
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of alexithymia on the ability to identify emotions through visual and auditory stimuli. We assessed Alexithymia using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). As visual stimuli, we employed the images of faces from the Ekman 60 Faces Test, while the auditory stimuli consisted of fragments of instrumental music. A total of 303 students participated, 139 in secondary education and 164 in the first year of university (M = 17.58 years; SD = 4.16). The results show higher alexithymia levels in the female participants than in the male participants, mainly in the difficulty identifying feelings (DIF) and difficulty describing feelings (DDF) factors, and higher in the secondary students than in the university students, especially in externally oriented thinking (EOT). In terms of the identification of emotions through auditory stimuli, the EOT factor showed a strong predictive effect for the emotions of surprise and anger. For the visual stimuli, the EOT factor showed predictive validity for identifying happiness, while the DDF factor showed predictive validity for identifying sadness. We conclude that there is a relationship between alexithymia levels and emotion recognition, which varies depending on the nature of the stimulus.
Description
Funding information;
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: the Santander-UCM “Evaluación de la Inteligencia Emocional a partir de Secuencias Cinematográficas” (grant number PR87/19-22661).
Referencias bibliográficas:
• Argstatter, H. (2016). Perception of basic emotions in music: Culture-specific or multicultural? Psychology of Music, 44(4), 674-690. 10.1177/0305735615589214
• Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D. A., & Taylor, G. J. (1994). The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia scale-I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38(1), 23-32. 10.1016/0022-3999(94)90005-1
• Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-246. 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
• Cook, R., Brewer, R., Shah, P., & Bird, G. (2013). Alexithymia, Not Autism, Predicts Poor Recognition of Emotional Facial Expressions. Psychological Science, 24(5), 723-732. 10.1177/0956797612463582
• Courty, A., Godart, N., Lalanne, C., & Berthoz, S. (2015). Alexithymia, a compounding factor for eating and social avoidance symptoms in anorexia nervosa. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 56, 217-228. 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.09.011
• Cowen, A. S., Fang, X., Sauter, D., & Keltner, D. (2020). What music makes us feel: At least 13 dimensions organize subjective experiences associated with music across different cultures. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(4), 1924-1934. 10.1073/pnas.1910704117
• Dahl, R. E. (2004). Adolescent brain development: A period of vulnerabilities and opportunities - Keynote Address10.1196/annals.1308.001
• Davydov, D. M., Luminet, O., & Zech, E. (2013). An externally oriented style of thinking as a moderator of responses to affective films in women. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 87(2), 152-164. 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.12.003
• Donges, U. -., & Suslow, T. (2017). Alexithymia and automatic processing of emotional stimuli: A systematic review. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 28(3), 247-264. 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0049
• Droit-Volet, S., Ramos, D., Bueno, J. L. O., & Bigand, E. (2013). Music, emotion, and time perception: The influence of subjective emotional valence and arousal? Frontiers in Psychology, 4(JUL)10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00417
• Eerola, T., & Vuoskoski, J. K. (2011). A comparison of the discrete and dimensional models of emotion in music. Psychology of Music, 39(1), 18-49. 10.1177/0305735610362821
• Eerola, T., & Vuoskoski, J. K. (2013). A review of music and emotion studies: Approaches, emotion models, and stimuli. Music Perception, 30(3), 307-340. 10.1525/MP.2012.30.3.307
• Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1975). No title. Unmasking the Face: A Guide to Recognizing Emotions from Facial Clues,
• Gagnon, L., & Peretz, I. (2003). Mode and tempo relative contributions to "happy-sad" judgements in equitone melodies. Cognition and Emotion, 17(1), 25-40. 10.1080/02699930302279
• Gomes, F. V., Rincón-Cortés, M., & Grace, A. A. (2016). Adolescence as a period of vulnerability and intervention in schizophrenia: Insights from the MAM model. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 70, 260-270. 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.030
• Heaton, P., Reichenbacher, L., Sauter, D., Allen, R., Scott, S., & Hill, E. (2012). Measuring the effects of alexithymia on perception of emotional vocalizations in autistic spectrum disorder and typical development. Psychological Medicine, 42(11), 2453-2459. 10.1017/S0033291712000621
• Honkalampi, K., Tolmunen, T., Hintikka, J., Rissanen, M. -., Kylmä, J., & Laukkanen, E. (2009). The prevalence of alexithymia and its relationship with Youth Self-Report problem scales among Finnish adolescents. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 50(3), 263-268. 10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.08.007
• Hu, L. -., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55. 10.1080/10705519909540118
• Iannattone, S., Miscioscia, M., Raffagnato, A., & Gatta, M. (2021). The role of alexithymia in social withdrawal during adolescence: a case–control study. Children, 8(2)10.3390/children8020165
• Joukamaa, M., Taanila, A., Miettunen, J., Karvonen, J. T., Koskinen, M., & Veijola, J. (2007). Epidemiology of alexithymia among adolescents. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 63(4), 373-376. 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.01.018
• Juslin, P. N., & Laukka, P. (2004). Expression, Perception, and Induction of Musical Emotions: A Review and a Questionnaire Study of Everyday Listening. Journal of New Music Research, 33(3), 217-238. 10.1080/0929821042000317813
• Kajanoja, J., Scheinin, N. M., Karlsson, L., Karlsson, H., & Karukivi, M. (2017). Illuminating the clinical significance of alexithymia subtypes: A cluster analysis of alexithymic traits and psychiatric symptoms. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 97, 111-117. 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.04.010
• Keltner, D., & Cowen, A. (2021). A taxonomy of positive emotions. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 39, 216-221. 10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.04.013
• Kooiman, C. G., Spinhoven, P., & Trijsburg, R. W. (2002). The assessment of alexithymia: A critical review of the literature and a psychometric study of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53(6), 1083-1090. 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00348-3
• Larsen, J. T., & Stastny, B. J. (2011). It's A Bittersweet Symphony: Simultaneously Mixed Emotional Responses to Music With Conflicting Cues. Emotion, 11(6), 1469-1473. 10.1037/a0024081
• Larwood, J. L., Vanman, E. J., & Dingle, G. A. (2021). Negative valence specific deficits in judgements of musical affective quality in alexithymia. Cognition and Emotion, 35(3), 500-509. 10.1080/02699931.2019.1707514
• Laukka, P., Eerola, T., Thingujam, N. S., Yamasaki, T., & Beller, G. (2013). Universal and culture-specific factors in the recognition and performance of musical affect expressions. Emotion, 13(3), 434-449. 10.1037/a0031388
• Lees, B., Meredith, L. R., Kirkland, A. E., Bryant, B. E., & Squeglia, L. M. (2020). Effect of alcohol use on the adolescent brain and behavior. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 9210.1016/j.pbb.2020.172906
• Leshem, R., van Lieshout, P. H. H. M., Ben-David, S., & Ben-David, B. M. (2019). Does emotion matter? The role of alexithymia in violent recidivism: A systematic literature review. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 29(2), 94-110. 10.1002/cbm.2110
• Loas, G., Braun, S., Delhaye, M., & Linkowski, P. (2017). The measurement of alexithymia in children and adolescents: Psychometric properties of the Alexithymia Questionnaire for Children and the twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale in different non-clinical and clinical samples of children and adolescents. PLoS ONE, 12(5)10.1371/journal.pone.0177982
• Lyvers, M., Cotterell, S., & Thorberg, F. A. (2020). “Music is my drug”: Alexithymia, empathy, and emotional responding to music. Psychology of Music, 48(5), 626-641. 10.1177/0305735618816166
• Mallik, A., Chanda, M. L., & Levitin, D. J. (2017). Anhedonia to music and mu-opioids: Evidence from the administration of naltrexone. Scientific Reports, 710.1038/srep41952
• Martínez-Sánchez, F. (1996). The Spanish version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Clínica Y Salud, 7(1), 19-32.
• Mattila, A. K., Salminen, J. K., Nummi, T., & Joukamaa, M. (2006). Age is strongly associated with alexithymia in the general population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 61(5), 629-635. 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.04.013
• Moral de la Rubia, J., & Retamales Rojas, R. (2000). Validation study of the Toronto Alexitimia Scale (TAS-20) in Spanish sample. Electronic Journal of Psychology, 4(1)
• Neumann, S. A., Sollers III, J. J., Thayer, J. F., & Waldstein, S. R. (2004). Alexithymia predicts attenuated autonomic reactivity, but prolonged recovery to anger recall in young women. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 53(3), 183-195. 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2004.03.008
• Páez, D., & Velasco, C. (1993). Alexitimia: Una revisión de los conceptos de los instrumentos y una comparación con la represión. Salud, Expresión Y Represión Social De Las Emociones, , 195-235.
• Parker, J. D. A., Michael Bagby, R., Taylor, G. J., Endler, N. S., & Schmitz, P. (1993). Factorial validity of the 20‐item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. European Journal of Personality, 7(4), 221-232. 10.1002/per.2410070403
• Prkachin, G. C., Casey, C., & Prkachin, K. M. (2009). Alexithymia and perception of facial expressions of emotion. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(4), 412-417. 10.1016/j.paid.2008.11.010
• Säkkinen, P., Kaltiala-Heino, R., Ranta, K., Haataja, R., & Joukamaa, M. (2007). Psychometric properties of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale and prevalence of alexithymia in a finnish adolescent population. Psychosomatics, 48(2), 154-161. 10.1176/appi.psy.48.2.154
• Salimpoor, V. N., Benovoy, M., Longo, G., Cooperstock, J. R., & Zatorre, R. J. (2009). The rewarding aspects of music listening are related to degree of emotional arousal. PLoS ONE, (10)10.1371/journal.pone.0007487
• Scherer, K. R. (2004). Which Emotions Can be Induced by Music? What Are the Underlying Mechanisms? And How Can We Measure Them? Journal of New Music Research, 33(3), 239-251. 10.1080/0929821042000317822
• Scherer, K. R., & Scherer, U. (2011). Assessing the Ability to Recognize Facial and Vocal Expressions of Emotion: Construction and Validation of the Emotion Recognition Index. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 35(4), 305-326. 10.1007/s10919-011-0115-4
• Sifneos, P. E. (1973). The prevalence of 'Alexithymic' characteristics in psychosomatic patients. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 22(2-6), 255-262. 10.1159/000286529
• Steinberg, L. (2005). Cognitive and affective development in adolescence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(2), 69-74. 10.1016/j.tics.2004.12.005
• Swaminathan, S., & Schellenberg, E. G. (2015). Current emotion research in music psychology. Emotion Review, 7(2), 189-197. 10.1177/1754073914558282
• Taruffi, L., Allen, R., Downing, J., & Heaton, P. (2017). Individual differences in music-perceived emotions: The influence of externally oriented thinking. Music Perception, 34(3), 253-266. 10.1525/MP.2017.34.3.253
• Taylor, G. J., & Bagby, R. M. (2004). New Trends in Alexithymia Research. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 73(2), 68-77. 10.1159/000075537
• Van der Velde, J., Servaas, M. N., Goerlich, K. S., Bruggeman, R., Horton, P., Costafreda, S. G., & Aleman, A. (2013). Neural correlates of alexithymia: A meta-analysis of emotion processing studies. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 37(8), 1774-1785. 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.07.008
• Wehmer, F., Brejnak, C., Lumley, M., & Stettner, L. (1995). Alexithymia and physiological reactivity to emotion-provoking visual scenes. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 183(6), 351-357. 10.1097/00005053-199506000-00001
• Young, A. W., Perrett, D. I., Calder, A. J., Sprengelmeyer, R., & Ekman, P. (2002). No title. Facial Expressions of Emotion: Stimuli and Tests (FEEST),
• Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2007). Emotional and cognitive changes during adolescence. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 17(2), 251-257. 10.1016/j.conb.2007.03.009
• Zatorre, R. J. (2015). Musical pleasure and reward: Mechanisms and dysfunction10.1111/nyas.12677