Factores individuales y nutricionales que determinan la homogeneidad y los rendimientos productivos en porcino ibérico
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2024
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29/03/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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En producción porcina se pueden distinguir dos mercados muy diferenciados: por un lado, una producción de carne con una relación muy ajustada de coste/beneficio mediante el uso de razas magras o de capa blanca, que se asocian a una selección genética intensa y a altos rendimientos productivos. Por otro lado, encontramos una producción de carne y productos cárnicos de alta calidad mediante el uso de razas rústicas y sistemas extensivos o semi extensivos, cuyo principal representante es el cerdo ibérico en el caso de España. Este se caracteriza por su mayor tendencia a la acumulación de grasa y menor crecimiento y deposición proteica que en el caso de las razas magras. Tradicionalmente, la producción de cerdo ibérico se ha llevado a cabo de forma extensiva o semi extensiva y, principalmente, en ecosistemas de dehesa. La estrecha relación animal-ecosistema modula las características fenotípicas de esta raza, provocando que el cerdo ibérico desarrollase una serie de adaptaciones entre las que cabe destacar el genotipo ahorrador. Esta hipótesis, enunciada por Neel en1962, propone la existencia de una serie de adaptaciones del individuo para sobrevivir en períodos de carestía (invierno-verano) que le predisponen para una mayor capacidad de almacenar energía en forma de grasa en épocas de abundancia de alimento (otoño-primavera)...
There are two main different markets in pork production: on the one hand, there is a production with an adjusted cost/benefit relation based on highly selected lean breeds, with high productivity. On the other hand, there is also a market of high-quality products based on the utilization of traditional breeds reared in extensive or semiextensive systems, being the Iberian pig the most important breedin Spain, which is characterized by lower productivity, growth and protein deposition and higher adiposity than commercial breeds.The Iberian pig has been traditionally reared in extensive farms, in the dehesa ecosystems during a long period of its lifetime. Such close relationship between the animal and its ecosystems affects profoundly the phenotype of the breed and causes the different adaptation traits of the pig, being the thrifty genotype among the most important ones. This hypothesis, postulated by Neel in1962, proposes that there are various adaptations of the individual for surviving during periods of scarcity (summer and winter), by means of higher energy storage in periods of food abundance (spring and autumn).
There are two main different markets in pork production: on the one hand, there is a production with an adjusted cost/benefit relation based on highly selected lean breeds, with high productivity. On the other hand, there is also a market of high-quality products based on the utilization of traditional breeds reared in extensive or semiextensive systems, being the Iberian pig the most important breedin Spain, which is characterized by lower productivity, growth and protein deposition and higher adiposity than commercial breeds.The Iberian pig has been traditionally reared in extensive farms, in the dehesa ecosystems during a long period of its lifetime. Such close relationship between the animal and its ecosystems affects profoundly the phenotype of the breed and causes the different adaptation traits of the pig, being the thrifty genotype among the most important ones. This hypothesis, postulated by Neel in1962, proposes that there are various adaptations of the individual for surviving during periods of scarcity (summer and winter), by means of higher energy storage in periods of food abundance (spring and autumn).
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, leída el 29-03-2023. Tesis formato europeo (compendio de artículos)