Optimización de terapias contra la osteoporosis
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2024
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Abstract
La osteoporosis es una enfermedad esquelética en la que se produce un desajuste entre la formación y destrucción del hueso, a favor de esta última, con una disminución de la densidad de masa ósea. Así, los huesos se vuelven más porosos y frágiles. Este trabajo comenzará haciendo una introducción de la osteoporosis, en qué consiste, cómo se produce y distintos tratamientos. A continuación, se toma un modelo matemático de como evoluciona el conjunto óseo a lo largo de la enfermedad y en función de los distintos tratamientos. Dentro de este modelo, nos centraremos en los niveles de densidad de masa ósea (DMO) como indicador de salud. También se explicará su funcionamiento y las variables involucradas que luego utilizaremos para la optimización de los resultados de los tratamientos. Finalmente, se realizará una descripción de los algoritmos genéticos y su procedencia para después aplicarlos con los datos de DMO obtenidos de la simulación del modelo y obtener así la mejor secuencia de tratamiento de acuerdo al algoritmo.
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease in which there is an imbalance between bone formation and destruction, favoring the latter, leading to a decrease in bone mass density (BMD). As a result, the bones become more porous and fragile. We will begin with an introduction to osteoporosis, explaining what it is, how it develops, and the various treatments available. This work will begin with an introduction to osteoporosis, including its definition, how it occurs, and various treatments. Next, a mathematical model of how the bone structure evolves throughout the disease and according to different treatments will be considered. Within this model, we will focus on bone mineral density (BMD) levels as an indicator of health. Its functionality and the involved variables, which will later be used for optimizing treatment results, will also be explained. Finally, a description of genetic algorithms and their origin will be provided, followed by their application to the BMD data obtained from the model simulation to determine the optimal treat ment sequence according to the algorithm.
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease in which there is an imbalance between bone formation and destruction, favoring the latter, leading to a decrease in bone mass density (BMD). As a result, the bones become more porous and fragile. We will begin with an introduction to osteoporosis, explaining what it is, how it develops, and the various treatments available. This work will begin with an introduction to osteoporosis, including its definition, how it occurs, and various treatments. Next, a mathematical model of how the bone structure evolves throughout the disease and according to different treatments will be considered. Within this model, we will focus on bone mineral density (BMD) levels as an indicator of health. Its functionality and the involved variables, which will later be used for optimizing treatment results, will also be explained. Finally, a description of genetic algorithms and their origin will be provided, followed by their application to the BMD data obtained from the model simulation to determine the optimal treat ment sequence according to the algorithm.