Protección de obras en acero cortén. Modificación cromática y valoración del artista y el restaurador
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2025
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Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía
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Abstract
La investigación presentada en este capítulo aborda los problemas de conservación del acero cortén en el contexto de la escultura contemporánea, material ampliamente empleado desde la década de 1960 por su estética y supuesta resistencia a la corrosión. Tal y como se argumenta en esta investigación, dicha durabilidad solo se garantiza bajo condiciones ambientales específicas, lo que ha derivado en notables alteraciones en obras expuestas al aire libre. El capítulo evalúa la aplicación de diferentes recubrimientos protectores (cera Reswax WH, cera WH10 con BTA, Paraloid B44®, Incral 44® y aceite Owatrol®) sobre probetas de acero cortén tipo A, sometidas a procesos de prepatinado artificial y exposición atmosférica en Madrid durante seis meses.
Para su desarrollo, se ha realizado un análisis que combina diferentes metodologías entre las que se incluye la colorimetría con espectrofotómetro, evaluando también el criterio de los colectivos implicados a través encuestas a escultores y conservadores-restauradores. Los resultados muestran que todos los recubrimientos introducen cambios estéticos, destacando el oscurecimiento y variaciones en brillo y tono. Entre los productos analizados, Incral 44 y Owatrol® ofrecieron mayor estabilidad cromática tras la exposición, mientras que Paraloid B44® presentó degradación y permeabilidad al agua, y las ceras (Reswax WH y WH10) evidenciaron un notable oscurecimiento.
Las encuestas reflejan diferencias de criterio: los escultores aceptan con mayor flexibilidad cambios perceptibles si ello garantiza la perdurabilidad de la obra, mientras que los conservadores-restauradores se muestran más restrictivos, admitiendo modificaciones mínimas o únicamente bajo el consentimiento explícito del autor.
El trabajo concluye que, pese a las alteraciones inevitables que producen los recubrimientos, estos constituyen una herramienta válida dentro de las estrategias de conservación preventiva del acero cortén, siempre que se consideren conjuntamente los criterios técnicos y la intencionalidad artística.
The research presented in this chapter addresses the conservation challenges of weathering steel (corten steel) in the context of contemporary sculpture, a material widely used since the 1960s for its aesthetics and supposed resistance to corrosion. As argued in this study, such durability is only ensured under specific environmental conditions, which has led to significant deterioration in outdoor works. The chapter evaluates the application of different protective coatings (Reswax WH wax, WH10 wax with BTA, Paraloid B44®, Incral 44®, and Owatrol® oil) on type A corten steel samples subjected to artificial patination processes and atmospheric exposure in Madrid over six months. The methodology combines various approaches, including colorimetric analysis using a spectrophotometer, as well as surveys of sculptors and conservator-restorers to assess professional perspectives. Results show that all coatings introduce aesthetic alterations, primarily darkening and changes in brightness and tone. Among the tested products, Incral 44® and Owatrol® demonstrated greater chromatic stability after exposure, whereas Paraloid B44® exhibited degradation and water permeability, and the waxes (Reswax WH and WH10) resulted in noticeable darkening. Survey responses reveal differences in criteria: sculptors are generally more flexible in accepting perceptible changes if these ensure the longevity of the work, while conservator-restorers adopt a more restrictive approach, permitting only minimal modifications or those explicitly approved by the artist. The study concludes that, despite the inevitable alterations produced by coatings, they represent a valid tool within preventive conservation strategies for corten steel, provided that technical criteria and artistic intent are considered jointly.
The research presented in this chapter addresses the conservation challenges of weathering steel (corten steel) in the context of contemporary sculpture, a material widely used since the 1960s for its aesthetics and supposed resistance to corrosion. As argued in this study, such durability is only ensured under specific environmental conditions, which has led to significant deterioration in outdoor works. The chapter evaluates the application of different protective coatings (Reswax WH wax, WH10 wax with BTA, Paraloid B44®, Incral 44®, and Owatrol® oil) on type A corten steel samples subjected to artificial patination processes and atmospheric exposure in Madrid over six months. The methodology combines various approaches, including colorimetric analysis using a spectrophotometer, as well as surveys of sculptors and conservator-restorers to assess professional perspectives. Results show that all coatings introduce aesthetic alterations, primarily darkening and changes in brightness and tone. Among the tested products, Incral 44® and Owatrol® demonstrated greater chromatic stability after exposure, whereas Paraloid B44® exhibited degradation and water permeability, and the waxes (Reswax WH and WH10) resulted in noticeable darkening. Survey responses reveal differences in criteria: sculptors are generally more flexible in accepting perceptible changes if these ensure the longevity of the work, while conservator-restorers adopt a more restrictive approach, permitting only minimal modifications or those explicitly approved by the artist. The study concludes that, despite the inevitable alterations produced by coatings, they represent a valid tool within preventive conservation strategies for corten steel, provided that technical criteria and artistic intent are considered jointly.












