Resistance of ecosystem services to global change weakened by increasing number of environmental stressors
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2024
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Nature Research
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Zhou, G., Eisenhauer, N., Terrer, C. et al. Resistance of ecosystem services to global change weakened by increasing number of environmental stressors. Nat. Geosci. 17, 882–888 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01518-x
Abstract
Terrestrial ecosystems are subjected to multiple global changes simultaneously. Yet, how an increasing number of global changes impact the resistance of ecosystems to global change remains virtually unknown. Here we present a global synthesis including 14,000 observations from seven ecosystem services (functions and biodiversity), as well as data from a 15-year field experiment. We found that the resistance of multiple ecosystem services to global change declines with an increasing number of global change factors, particularly after long-term exposure to these factors. Biodiversity had a higher resistance to multiple global changes compared with ecosystem functions. Our work suggests that we need to consider the combined effects of multiple global changes on the magnitude and resistance of ecosystem services worldwide, as ecosystem responses will be enhanced by the number of environmental stressors and time of exposure.
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The Jena Experiment is funded by the DFG (FOR 5000). G.Z. acknowledges funding from Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through a Ramón y Cajal Fellowship (RYC2022-035226-I), the NextGenerationEU programme of the European Union (MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 y el FSE+) and the AYUDAS DE EXCELENCIA RYC-MAX 2023 project from the Spanish National Research Council. M.D.-B. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I + D + i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M.D.-B. is also supported by a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 Objetivo temático ‘01 – Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación’) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). M.B. acknowledges funding from Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through a Ramón y Cajal Fellowship (RYC2021-031797-I). D.J.E. is supported by the Hermon Slade Foundation. L.Z. acknowledges support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 32071593). X.Z. acknowledges support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants nos. 31930072, 32241032 and 42261144688).