Papel de la rumiación y la metacognición disfuncionales en el duelo complicado tras fallecimientos traumáticos y no traumáticos
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2025
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27/05/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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El duelo es una reacción natural y universal al fallecimiento de un ser querido caracterizada fundamentalmente por respuestas negativas emocionales, pero también cognitivas, fisiológicas, conductuales y sociales (Sanz et al., 2020). Estas respuestas pueden ser muy diversas y varían considerablemente entre personas y entre culturas, y algunas de estas variaciones están asociadas a malestar, disfuncionalidad, limitación o incapacidad en un grado de intensidad, frecuencia y/o duración que no parece ajustadas al contexto. Así, en las primeras semanas después del fallecimiento de un ser querido, la mayoría de las personas experimentan tristeza, ira, angustia por separación, pérdida de interés en actividades habituales y pensamientos intrusivos que, en muchos casos, por su disfuncionalidad, podrían considerarse síntomas psicológicos, un síndrome psicológico o incluso un trastorno psicológico (García-Vera y Sanz, 2016). Sin embargo, diversos estudios han demostrado que, con el tiempo, estos síntomas van disminuyendo a medida que se va integrando la aceptación de la muerte y sus consecuencias (Jordan y Litz, 2014; Shear, 2015), y solo una minoría seguirá experimentando este malestar (Prigerson et al., 1997, 2009)...
Grief is a natural and universal reaction to the death of a loved one, characterized primarily by negative emotional responses, but also by cognitive, physiological, behavioral, and social responses (Sanz et al., 2020). These responses can be very diverse and vary considerably between individuals and cultures, and some of these variations are associated with discomfort, dysfunction, limitation, or disability in a degree of intensity, frequency, and/or duration that does not seem adjusted to the context. Thus, in the first weeks after the death of a loved one, most people experience sadness, anger, separation anxiety, loss of interest in usual activities, and intrusive thoughts that, in many cases, due to their dysfunction, could be considered psychological symptoms, a psychological syndrome or even a psychological disorder (García-Vera & Sanz, 2016). However, several studies have shown that, over time, these symptoms decrease as the acceptance of the death and its consequences is integrated (Jordan & Litz, 2014; Shear, 2015), and only a minority will continue to experience this discomfort (Prigerson et al., 1997, 2009)...
Grief is a natural and universal reaction to the death of a loved one, characterized primarily by negative emotional responses, but also by cognitive, physiological, behavioral, and social responses (Sanz et al., 2020). These responses can be very diverse and vary considerably between individuals and cultures, and some of these variations are associated with discomfort, dysfunction, limitation, or disability in a degree of intensity, frequency, and/or duration that does not seem adjusted to the context. Thus, in the first weeks after the death of a loved one, most people experience sadness, anger, separation anxiety, loss of interest in usual activities, and intrusive thoughts that, in many cases, due to their dysfunction, could be considered psychological symptoms, a psychological syndrome or even a psychological disorder (García-Vera & Sanz, 2016). However, several studies have shown that, over time, these symptoms decrease as the acceptance of the death and its consequences is integrated (Jordan & Litz, 2014; Shear, 2015), and only a minority will continue to experience this discomfort (Prigerson et al., 1997, 2009)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, leída el 27/05/2024