Nanosistemas quitosano/albúmina dirigidos a receptores de folato para la vehiculización de la doxorrubicina en la terapia del cáncer
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2018
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26/05/2017
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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A pesar de los numerosos avances que se ha conseguido en el diagnóstico del cáncer, así como en el tratamiento de la patología, todavía son muchas las mejoras que se tratan de conseguir para poder ponerle freno al avance de la enfermedad. Actualmente, una de las principales líneas de tratamiento es la quimioterapia, la cual ha demostrado su eficacia, pero su uso está limitado debido a los numerosos efectos adversos que derivan de él. Un ejemplo de estos fármacos antineoplásicos es la doxorrubicina, perteneciente a la familia de las antraciclinas, es un fármaco de amplio espectro empleado en numerosos tipos de cáncer. Sin embargo, presenta importantes efectos secundarios derivados de su uso tales como la cardiotoxicidad. Por otro lado, el auge de la nanotecnología y, más concretamente, de la nanomedicina, ha hecho posible el desarrollo de nuevos sistemas nanométricos de liberación controlada, capaces de transportar fármacos en su interior, aumentando su biodisponibilidad y disminuyendo los periodos de toxicidad e ineficacia propios de los tratamientos convencionales. La eficacia de la quimioterapia, unida a los efectos adversos de la misma, han hecho que los antineoplásicos sean buenos candidatos para ser encapsulados en el interior de nanosistemas de liberación controlada. Además, ciertas características propias de los tumores sólidos tales como el efecto de “Permeabilidad y Retención Aumentadas” (EPR), el microambiente ácido de las células tumorales o la sobreexpresión de ciertos receptores específicos de membrana, han hecho que estos sistemas puedan dirigirse de manera específica al tumor, aumentando su permanencia en el mismo y afectando en menor medida a las células sanas. Objetivos: Por todo lo expuesto anteriormente, el objetivo principal del presente trabajo se basa en la síntesis de nanosistemas basados en polímeros naturales (quitosano y albúmina) la vehiculización del fármaco antineoplásico doxorrubicina en la terapia del cáncer...
Despite great advances have been achieved in cancer diagnosis and treatment, the disease still represents a significant burden with a major need of new and improved therapies. Currently, one of the main lines of treatment is chemotherapy, which has proved to be effective, but its aplication is limited due to the numerous adverse effects associated. An example of these antineoplastic drugs is doxorubicin, which belongs to the anthracycline family. Doxorubicin is a broad spectrum drug used in many types of cancer. However, its use has important side effects, such as cardiotoxicity. In the last years, the rise of nanotechnology and, more specifically, nanomedicine, has made possible the development of new nanometric systems of controlled release, capable of transporting drugs inside. These systems, increase the substance bioavailability and reduce the periods of toxicity and inefficiency typical of conventional treatments. The adverse effects of antineoplastics could be minimized through encapsulation in controlled release nanosystems, while their efficacy could be improved. In addition, certain characteristics of solid tumors such as the "Enhanced Permeability Retention" effect (EPR), the acidic microenvironment of tumor cells and the overexpression of certain membrane-specific receptors provide distinctive features that can be specifically targeted by the delivery system, increasing the affected tissue and reducing harmful effects on healthy cells. Objective: For all these reasons, the main goal of this work is the synthesis of nanosystems based in natural polymers (chitosan and bovine serum albumin) to doxorubicin vehiculization in cancer therapy...
Despite great advances have been achieved in cancer diagnosis and treatment, the disease still represents a significant burden with a major need of new and improved therapies. Currently, one of the main lines of treatment is chemotherapy, which has proved to be effective, but its aplication is limited due to the numerous adverse effects associated. An example of these antineoplastic drugs is doxorubicin, which belongs to the anthracycline family. Doxorubicin is a broad spectrum drug used in many types of cancer. However, its use has important side effects, such as cardiotoxicity. In the last years, the rise of nanotechnology and, more specifically, nanomedicine, has made possible the development of new nanometric systems of controlled release, capable of transporting drugs inside. These systems, increase the substance bioavailability and reduce the periods of toxicity and inefficiency typical of conventional treatments. The adverse effects of antineoplastics could be minimized through encapsulation in controlled release nanosystems, while their efficacy could be improved. In addition, certain characteristics of solid tumors such as the "Enhanced Permeability Retention" effect (EPR), the acidic microenvironment of tumor cells and the overexpression of certain membrane-specific receptors provide distinctive features that can be specifically targeted by the delivery system, increasing the affected tissue and reducing harmful effects on healthy cells. Objective: For all these reasons, the main goal of this work is the synthesis of nanosystems based in natural polymers (chitosan and bovine serum albumin) to doxorubicin vehiculization in cancer therapy...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, leída el 26/05/2017