Gigantes: biografía heroica y cultura transnacional comunista en los años treinta
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2022
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Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales
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Rueda Laffond, J. C. (2022). Gigantes. Biografía heroica y cultura transnacional comunista en los años treinta. Revista de Estudios Políticos, 195, 187-215. doi: https://doi.org/10.18042/cepc/rep.195.07
Abstract
El artículo se aproxima al género de la biografía heroica comunista durante los años treinta, particularmente en España. Parte del peso notable que han adquirido en los últimos años el vector biocrático/biográfico y las perspectivas transnacionales en la historiografía internacional sobre comunismo. A través de una metodología comparada, se analizan diversos relatos sobre lo personal aparecidos en aquellos años en castellano, bien en traducciones con amplia circulación en el espacio comunista internacional o bien en textos originales generados desde la singularidad nacional. El estudio resalta varios aspectos: las funcionalidades empáticas, ejemplarizantes, didácticas y socializadoras de estas narrativas; el acoplamiento entre particularidades y significaciones compartidas en la cultura comunista; la ubicación de dichos relatos en un contexto «glocal» —global y local—, propio del antifascismo, o su implicación con el culto a la personalidad, un rasgo esencial de la identidad comunista fundado en el carisma y en el capital político-simbólico generado gracias a la imagen de una idílica convergencia entre trayectoria individual, colectividad y partido.
The article approaches the genre of communist heroic biography in the 1930s, particularly in Spain. It starts from the notable weight that the «biocratic» and biographical vector and transnational perspectives have acquired in recent years in the international historiography on communism. Using a comparative methodology, it analyses a range of accounts of the personal that appeared in Spanish in those years, either in the form of translations with wide circulation in the international communist space or as original texts generated from the national singularity. The study highlights several aspects: the empathetic, exemplary, didactic and socializing functions of these narratives; the coupling between particularities and shared meanings in the communist culture; the location of these stories in a «glocal» —global and local— context, typical of anti-fascism; or their involvement in the magma of the personality cult, an essential feature of communist identity based on the power of charisma and the political-symbolic capital generated by the image of an idyllic convergence of individual trajectory, collective and party.
The article approaches the genre of communist heroic biography in the 1930s, particularly in Spain. It starts from the notable weight that the «biocratic» and biographical vector and transnational perspectives have acquired in recent years in the international historiography on communism. Using a comparative methodology, it analyses a range of accounts of the personal that appeared in Spanish in those years, either in the form of translations with wide circulation in the international communist space or as original texts generated from the national singularity. The study highlights several aspects: the empathetic, exemplary, didactic and socializing functions of these narratives; the coupling between particularities and shared meanings in the communist culture; the location of these stories in a «glocal» —global and local— context, typical of anti-fascism; or their involvement in the magma of the personality cult, an essential feature of communist identity based on the power of charisma and the political-symbolic capital generated by the image of an idyllic convergence of individual trajectory, collective and party.