Especialización productiva y comportamiento exportador de la
economía alemana (1999-2007)
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2014
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2014
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La economía alemana experimentó un comportamiento exportador excelente durante el periodo 1999-2007. En la literatura económica se suele considerar que este fenómeno fue consecuencia de un crecimiento de los costes laborales unitarios alemanes muy inferior al del resto de economías competidoras, lo que a su vez fue debido fundamentalmente a políticas de contención salarial y a la moderada evolución de los precios en Alemania. Sin embargo, en este trabajo se considera que hay una serie de factores distintos a los mencionados que explican de forma más adecuada la ganancia de competitividad de la economía alemana y sus destacados resultados comerciales. Entre ellos se presta singular atención a la especialización productiva de su industria manufacturera, comprobándose que durante el periodo analizado se fortalecieron las ramas de elevada intensidad tecnológica. El fuerte crecimiento de la productividad de estas ramas es lo que en última instancia explica la reducción de los costes laborales unitarios.
The German economy experienced an excellent export performance during 1999-2007. This phenomenon is generally considered by the economic literature as result of a German unit labor costs’ growth much lower than other competing economies, which in turn was mainly due to policies of wage restraint and moderate price developments in Germany. However, this paper considers other factors that explain more adequately the increase in competitiveness of the German economy and its outstanding trade performance results. Among these factors the focus will be in the specialization of its manufacturing industry, proving that during the period the branches of high technological intensity strengthened. The strong productivity growth of these branches is what ultimately explains the reduction in unit labor costs.
The German economy experienced an excellent export performance during 1999-2007. This phenomenon is generally considered by the economic literature as result of a German unit labor costs’ growth much lower than other competing economies, which in turn was mainly due to policies of wage restraint and moderate price developments in Germany. However, this paper considers other factors that explain more adequately the increase in competitiveness of the German economy and its outstanding trade performance results. Among these factors the focus will be in the specialization of its manufacturing industry, proving that during the period the branches of high technological intensity strengthened. The strong productivity growth of these branches is what ultimately explains the reduction in unit labor costs.