Análisis multidimensional del estado de bienestar emergente y la pobreza en América Latina y el Caribe: Puerto Rico como estudio de casos
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2015
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20/02/2015
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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En las ultimas décadas ha aumentado el interés de los investigadores en analizar diferentes aspectos del Estado de bienestar (EB) emergente en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). Sin embargo, se le ha dedicado poca atención a analizar el grado de desarrollo de los programas e instituciones del EB en las regiones emergentes. En la tesis doctoral se realizó un análisis multidimensional del desarrollo del EB emergente y la pobreza en la región de ALC; utilizando a Puerto Rico como estudio de caso. La variable dependiente es la pobreza y se analizó desde el enfoque monetarista y de capacidades, mientras que la variable explicativa es el desarrollo relativo del EB en la región. Esta investigación presenta un valor añadido a las ciencias sociales, al considerar la multidimensionalidad de ambas variables tanto en el aspecto teórico como empírico. Debido el reconocimiento del carácter multidimensional de las variables fue necesario construir índices y realizar múltiples análisis estadísticos con el propósito de comprender la relación entre pobreza y desarrollo del EB. Adicionalmente se analizaron diversos aspectos del EB como el análisis del desarrollo mediante facultades explicativas, las principales políticas públicas contra la pobreza y la distribución de los riesgos sociales mediante relaciones del bienestar. Esta investigación doctoral es posible dividirla en tres apartados. (1) El estudio del desarrollo del EB emergente en ALC –en los primeros cuatro capítulos de la tesis. (2) El estudio de la pobreza desde el enfoque monetarista y de capacidades y su relación con el desarrollo del EB y el gasto social –en el quinto capitulo. (3) El estudio del régimen de bienestar y la distribución de riesgos sociales en 8 áreas del bienestar según la percepción de residentes en comunidades marginadas de Puerto Rico –en el sexto capítulo.
During the last few decades, researchers’ interest has been on the increase in studying and analyzing different aspects of Latin American and Caribbean welfare states. Although little attention has been devoted to analyzing the degree of welfare state development in the region. A multidimensional analysis of the welfare state development and poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean was performed in this dissertation, with Puerto Rico as a case study. Poverty is the dependent variable, and it was analyzed using indicators from the monetarist and capabilities approach. Meanwhile, the explanatory variable is the relative development of the welfare state in the region. This research considers the multidimensionality of both variables in the theoretical and empirical aspect. That is why it was necessary to build indexes that reflect the variables multidimensionality in order to be able to understand the relationship among them. In addition, several aspects of the welfare state were examined through the dissertation: the analysis of its development using the explanatory power of economic and political conditions, the study of the main welfare policies to reduce poverty (CCTs), and the welfare relations on the allocation of social risks of residents in marginalized communities. This doctoral dissertation could be divided into three sections. (1) The study of the development of the emerging welfare states in Latin America and the Caribbean -in the first four chapters of the thesis. (2) The study of poverty from the monetary and capabilities approach and its relationship to the development of WS and social spending-in the fifth chapter. (3) The study of the welfare regime and the allocation of social risks in 8 areas of welfare according to the perception of residents in marginalized communities of Puerto Rico-in the sixth chapter
During the last few decades, researchers’ interest has been on the increase in studying and analyzing different aspects of Latin American and Caribbean welfare states. Although little attention has been devoted to analyzing the degree of welfare state development in the region. A multidimensional analysis of the welfare state development and poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean was performed in this dissertation, with Puerto Rico as a case study. Poverty is the dependent variable, and it was analyzed using indicators from the monetarist and capabilities approach. Meanwhile, the explanatory variable is the relative development of the welfare state in the region. This research considers the multidimensionality of both variables in the theoretical and empirical aspect. That is why it was necessary to build indexes that reflect the variables multidimensionality in order to be able to understand the relationship among them. In addition, several aspects of the welfare state were examined through the dissertation: the analysis of its development using the explanatory power of economic and political conditions, the study of the main welfare policies to reduce poverty (CCTs), and the welfare relations on the allocation of social risks of residents in marginalized communities. This doctoral dissertation could be divided into three sections. (1) The study of the development of the emerging welfare states in Latin America and the Caribbean -in the first four chapters of the thesis. (2) The study of poverty from the monetary and capabilities approach and its relationship to the development of WS and social spending-in the fifth chapter. (3) The study of the welfare regime and the allocation of social risks in 8 areas of welfare according to the perception of residents in marginalized communities of Puerto Rico-in the sixth chapter
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Ciencia Política y de la Administración II, leída el 20-02-2015