La Investigación Psicológica de la Pandemia de la COVID-19 en España: Una Revisión Sistemática del Impacto de la Pandemia sobre la Salud Emocional en la Población General Adulta
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2022
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García Vera, María Paz
Marqueses, José M. S.
García de Marina, Andrea
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Fundació per a la Investigació, Desenvolupament i Aplicació de la Psicologia de la Comunitat Valenciana y el Col·legi Oficial de Psicologia de la Comunitat Valenciana
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Abstract
Se presenta una primera revisión sistemática de la investigación psicológica sobre la pandemia de la COVID-19 realizada en España. Dado que esta investigación se ha centrado en el impacto emocional de la pandemia, se presenta también una revisión sistemática de los estudios sobre la prevalencia de la depresión, la ansiedad, el estrés postraumático, el estrés y el malestar emocional durante la pandemia en la población general adulta española. Se realizó una búsqueda en PsycInfo que identificó 18 estudios en los que, en conjunto, se había evaluado a 57681 personas. Los resultados permiten estimar que la prevalencia de la sintomatología moderada-grave en la población general adulta española durante la primera ola de la pandemia fue de 18.6% para la depresión, 12.7% para la ansiedad, 33.1% para el estrés postraumático, 21.5% para el estrés y 29.5% para el malestar emocional. Estos resultados se discuten en el contexto de las limitaciones de los estudios realizados durante la pandemia, ya que la inmensa mayoría se realizaron por internet y con muestreos no probabilísticos con el método de bola de nieve y, por tanto, son susceptibles a los sesgos derivados de la autoselección y de la exclusión de las personas sin acceso a internet.
A first systematic review of the psychological research on the COVID-19 pandemic carried out in Spain is presented. Given that this research has focused on the emotional impact of the pandemic, a systematic review of studies on the prevalence of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, stress, and emotional distress during the pandemic in Spanish general adult population is also presented. A search in PsycInfo identified 18 studies in which, altogether, 57 681 people were evaluated. The results allow us to estimate that the prevalence of moderate-severe symptoms in the general Spanish adult population during the first wave of the pandemic was 18.6% for depression, 12.7% for anxiety, 33.1% for post-traumatic stress, 21.5% for stress, and 29.5% for emotional distress. These results are discussed in the context of the limitations of the studies carried out during the pandemic, since the vast majority were carried out online and with non-probabilistic sampling using the snowball method and, therefore, are susceptible to biases derived from self-selection and exclusion of people without internet access.
A first systematic review of the psychological research on the COVID-19 pandemic carried out in Spain is presented. Given that this research has focused on the emotional impact of the pandemic, a systematic review of studies on the prevalence of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, stress, and emotional distress during the pandemic in Spanish general adult population is also presented. A search in PsycInfo identified 18 studies in which, altogether, 57 681 people were evaluated. The results allow us to estimate that the prevalence of moderate-severe symptoms in the general Spanish adult population during the first wave of the pandemic was 18.6% for depression, 12.7% for anxiety, 33.1% for post-traumatic stress, 21.5% for stress, and 29.5% for emotional distress. These results are discussed in the context of the limitations of the studies carried out during the pandemic, since the vast majority were carried out online and with non-probabilistic sampling using the snowball method and, therefore, are susceptible to biases derived from self-selection and exclusion of people without internet access.