Ejecución en terceros estados de laudos emitidos en arbitrajes de protección de inversiones. Especial referencia al sistema de CIADI
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2018
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17/07/2017
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Cuando un inversionista o un Estado deciden instar un arbitra-je de protección de inversiones, lo hacen con la seguridad de que, en caso de obtener un laudo favorable a sus intereses, tal decisión podrá ser ejecutada rápidamente en una o varias jurisdicciones. Es-ta eficacia transnacional de los laudos, cuya ejecución resulta en principio es más segura y fácil de lograr que la de sentencias judi-ciales, es una característica clave que ha incidido decisivamente en el desarrollo vertiginoso de arbitraje de protección de inversiones frente a otros métodos alternativos de resolución de controversias, como la jurisdicción ordinaria o la protección diplomática. Quien acudió en su momento a un proceso de este tipo, excluyendo su controversia del ámbito jurisdiccional estatal, lo hizo con el afán e interés de ver resarcido su derecho de una forma en esencia, más rápida, eficaz y segura En la actualidad, la circulación transnacional de los laudos dic-tados en arbitrajes de protección de inversiones se ve favorecida por diversos mecanismos convencionales, señaladamente la Con-vención sobre el reconocimiento y la ejecución de las sentencias arbitrales extranjeras, hecha en Nueva York el 10 de junio de 1958 y el régimen autónomo que establece el Convenio sobre arreglo de diferencias relativas a inversiones entre Estados y nacionales de otros Estados, hecho Washington el 18 de marzo de 1965, por el que se crea el CIADI...
The subject of this Doctoral Thesis is a specific issue of in-vestment treaty arbitration, namely, the study of enforcement in third –states of arbitral awards rendered in the matter of invest-ment. When a foreign investor and a State decide to commence an arbi-tration to resolve a dispute among themselves, they do so with the assurance that in the event of a ruling favourable to their interests, such a decision can be enforced quickly in one or more jurisdic-tions. The possibility of enforcement of such international arbitral awards, which in principle is safer and easier to achieve than with Court decisions (mainly by means of New York Convention of 1958 and the Washington Convention of 1965), has also been a key element in the rapid development of investment arbitration as op-posed to other methods of alternative dispute resolution, such as diplomatic protection or the ordinary court litigation. However, the effectiveness of the award may be compromised if the losing party in the arbitration procedure is a sovereign State that refuses to voluntarily comply with the pecuniary obligation imposed by the award. In such cases, the investor will be forced to initiate judicial proceedings instead of arbitration, seeking for recognition and enforcement of the award in one or more jurisdic-tions, which may coincide with that of the State of his nationality, or another territory where the State reluctant to comply with the arbitral award has sufficient assets to satisfy its pecuniary obliga-tion...
The subject of this Doctoral Thesis is a specific issue of in-vestment treaty arbitration, namely, the study of enforcement in third –states of arbitral awards rendered in the matter of invest-ment. When a foreign investor and a State decide to commence an arbi-tration to resolve a dispute among themselves, they do so with the assurance that in the event of a ruling favourable to their interests, such a decision can be enforced quickly in one or more jurisdic-tions. The possibility of enforcement of such international arbitral awards, which in principle is safer and easier to achieve than with Court decisions (mainly by means of New York Convention of 1958 and the Washington Convention of 1965), has also been a key element in the rapid development of investment arbitration as op-posed to other methods of alternative dispute resolution, such as diplomatic protection or the ordinary court litigation. However, the effectiveness of the award may be compromised if the losing party in the arbitration procedure is a sovereign State that refuses to voluntarily comply with the pecuniary obligation imposed by the award. In such cases, the investor will be forced to initiate judicial proceedings instead of arbitration, seeking for recognition and enforcement of the award in one or more jurisdic-tions, which may coincide with that of the State of his nationality, or another territory where the State reluctant to comply with the arbitral award has sufficient assets to satisfy its pecuniary obliga-tion...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, Departamento de Derecho Internacional Público y Derecho Internacional Privado, leída el 17/07/2017