Atención selectiva y depresión: una revisión crítica
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1999
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Sanz, J., y Vázquez, C. (1999). Atención selectiva y depresión: una revisión crítica. Ansiedad y Estrés, 5(2-3), 191-216.
Abstract
Se revisan los estudios que han examinado la atención selectiva a la información emocional en la depresión comparando personas con y sin depresión (clínica o subclínica) en tareas experimentales cognitivas, así como los estudios que han analizado su especificidad respecto a la ansiedad y su papel causal. Al contrario de lo defendido por el modelo de Williams et al. (1988), los datos sugieren que la depresión está asociada con sesgos atencionales hacia la información negativa y con la ausencia de los sesgos atencionales positivos que muestran las personas normales, apoyando así la teoría de Beck (1987, 1991). Aunque no concluyentemente, los datos también indican que los sesgos atencionales negativos en la depresión y en la ansiedad se diferencian por el contenido de la información a la que dan prioridad, apoyando pues la hipótesis de la especificidad de contenido de Beck, y que tales sesgos pueden ser factores de mantenimiento o exacerbación de la depresión.
This article reviews the research on selective attention to emotional information in depression comparing groups of individuals with and without (clinical or subclinical) depression on experimental cognitive tasks, as well as the research on its specificity in comparison with anxiety and its causal status. In contrast to claims made by Williams et al.’s (1988) model on cognition and emotional disorders, evidence suggests that depression is associated with the existence of attentional biases to negative information or with the absence of the positive attentional biases evident in normal persons, supporting in this way Beck’s (1987, 1991) cognitive theory. Although not conclusive enough, evidence also suggests that negative attentional biases in depression and anxiety differ from each other according to the content of the prioritized information, supporting Beck’s content-specificity hypothesis, and that negative attentional biases may be a causal factor in the maintenance or exacerbation of depressive disorders.
This article reviews the research on selective attention to emotional information in depression comparing groups of individuals with and without (clinical or subclinical) depression on experimental cognitive tasks, as well as the research on its specificity in comparison with anxiety and its causal status. In contrast to claims made by Williams et al.’s (1988) model on cognition and emotional disorders, evidence suggests that depression is associated with the existence of attentional biases to negative information or with the absence of the positive attentional biases evident in normal persons, supporting in this way Beck’s (1987, 1991) cognitive theory. Although not conclusive enough, evidence also suggests that negative attentional biases in depression and anxiety differ from each other according to the content of the prioritized information, supporting Beck’s content-specificity hypothesis, and that negative attentional biases may be a causal factor in the maintenance or exacerbation of depressive disorders.