Causas genéticas que subyacen afecciones neurológicas caninas
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2025
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04/12/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Las enfermedades neurológicas son trastornos que afectan tanto al sistema nervioso central como al periférico y algunas tienen un componente genético claro siendo en muchos de estos casos la raza un factor predisponente. La selección intensa de distintos caracteres en las razas de perros ha llevado a una reducción de la diversidad genética, lo que ha aumentado la prevalencia de ciertas enfermedades asociadas a razas específicas. Los perros son modelos animales fisiológica y clínicamente más similares al humano que el ratón, y comparten no solo rasgos genéticos sino también “estilos de vida” con sus cuidadores lo que permite estudiar patologías comunes. Este trabajo se centra en tres enfermedades neurológicas complejas o multifactoriales, descritas también en humanos, de las que se sospecha la existencia de un posible componente genético: la siringohidromielia (SHM), que se caracteriza por la aparición de una o más cavidades que contienen líquido en la médula espinal y a menudo se relaciona con otras anomalías congénitas que afectan al flujo del líquido cefalorraquídeo; la epilepsia idiopática, causada por una actividad eléctrica repentina y anormal de las redes neuronales que pueden provocar episodios de crisis epilépticas; y la meningoencefalitis de origen desconocido (MUO), que constituye un grupo de enfermedades inflamatorias del sistema nervioso central que se manifiestan con amplia variedad de signos neurológicos, dependiendo del área afectada...
Neurological diseases are disorders that affect both the central and peripheral nervous system and some have a clear genetic component, with the dog's breed being a predisposing factor in many of these cases. The intensive selection for different traits in dog breeds has led to a reduction in genetic diversity, which has allowed an increase of the prevalence of some breed specific diseases. Dogs are physiologically and clinically more similar to humans than mice and share not only genetic traits but also "lifestyles" with their owners, and thus are good animal models for some common diseases. This work focuses on three complex or multifactorial neurological diseases, also described in humans, which are suspected to have a possible genetic component: syringohydromyelia (SHM), which is characterized by the appearance of one or more fluid-filled cavities in the spinal cord and is often related to other congenital anomalies that affect the flow of cerebrospinal fluid; idiopathic epilepsy, caused by a sudden and abnormal electrical activity of the neural networks that can cause episodes of epileptic seizures; and meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO), which includes a group of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system that show a wide variety of neurological signs, depending on the affected area...
Neurological diseases are disorders that affect both the central and peripheral nervous system and some have a clear genetic component, with the dog's breed being a predisposing factor in many of these cases. The intensive selection for different traits in dog breeds has led to a reduction in genetic diversity, which has allowed an increase of the prevalence of some breed specific diseases. Dogs are physiologically and clinically more similar to humans than mice and share not only genetic traits but also "lifestyles" with their owners, and thus are good animal models for some common diseases. This work focuses on three complex or multifactorial neurological diseases, also described in humans, which are suspected to have a possible genetic component: syringohydromyelia (SHM), which is characterized by the appearance of one or more fluid-filled cavities in the spinal cord and is often related to other congenital anomalies that affect the flow of cerebrospinal fluid; idiopathic epilepsy, caused by a sudden and abnormal electrical activity of the neural networks that can cause episodes of epileptic seizures; and meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO), which includes a group of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system that show a wide variety of neurological signs, depending on the affected area...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, leída el 04-12-2024