Patrones de comunicación no verbal y liderazgo: estudio comparativo de casos en el sector tecnológico
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Publication date
2024
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11/07/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En un contexto de entrevista periodística se establece una comunicación directa entre entrevistados y periodistas, ofreciendo a los primeros la oportunidad de realizar una proyección mediática de su imagen, a los segundos dar a conocer a la opinión pública información diversa y, a todos ellos, la posibilidad de transmitir una comunicación confiable. Este estudio determina la importancia de identificar el patrón comunicativo no verbal basal del entrevistado, especialmente cuando se trata de un líder referente a nivel global con interés mediático, al encontrarse dicho patrón directamente vinculado con su autenticidad y personalidad. La metodología empleada se basa en el análisis sistemático, mediante observación humana de la conducta no verbal, considerando los canales expresivos específicos de este tipo de comunicación. Se presta así especial atención a la expresión facial, repertorio gestual, postura, mirada, así como a la gestión que hacen de la proxémica, la háptica y la apariencia. Como resultado de esta investigación se identifica el patrón basal no verbal individual en entrevistas personales de cuatro líderes del sector tecnológico: Jeff Bezos (Amazon), Sundar Pichai (Google), Tim Cook (Apple) y Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook), concluyendo que dicho patrón no verbal individual forma parte, no solo del mensaje del líder, sino de su identidad. Se cuantifica el nivel de presencia visible del patrón en torno al 70% - 80%, siendo útil para un analista el estudio de desviaciones sobre dicho porcentaje, ya que pueden inferir un estado emocional con información de interés periodístico. Además, en esta investigación se realiza una comparativa entre los cuatro líderes, fijando en un 50% el patrón no verbal común compartido, constatando nuevamente el hecho de que la autenticidad del líder no sigue un único patrón no verbal estereotipado, aprendido y reproducido.
In a journalistic interview context, direct communication is established between the interviewee and the journalist, offering the former the opportunity to carry out a media projection of their image, the latter to make public opinion aware of diverse information and, in both senses, the common interest to result in reliable communication. This study determines the importance of identifying the interviewee's personal non-verbal communication pattern, especially when it is a global leader with media interest, as this is directly linked to his authenticity and personality. The methodology used is based on the systematic analysis, through human observation of non-verbal behavior, considering the specific expressive channels of this type of communication. Special attention is paid to facial expression, gestural repertoire, posture, gaze, as well as the management they make of proxemics, haptics, and appearance. This research identifies the individual non-verbal pattern of four leaders in the technology sector when they are interviewed: Jeff Bezos (Amazon), Sundar Pichai (Google), Tim Cook (Apple) and Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook), concluding that said individual's non-verbal pattern is not only a part of the leader's message, but also his identity. His level of visible presence is quantified around 70% - 80%, being useful for an analyst the study of deviations from said percentages since they can infer an emotional state with newsworthy information. In addition, in this research, a comparison is made between the four leaders, fixing the shared common non-verbal pattern at 50%, once again confirming the fact that the authenticity of the leader does not follow a single learned and reproduced stereotyped non-verbal pattern.
In a journalistic interview context, direct communication is established between the interviewee and the journalist, offering the former the opportunity to carry out a media projection of their image, the latter to make public opinion aware of diverse information and, in both senses, the common interest to result in reliable communication. This study determines the importance of identifying the interviewee's personal non-verbal communication pattern, especially when it is a global leader with media interest, as this is directly linked to his authenticity and personality. The methodology used is based on the systematic analysis, through human observation of non-verbal behavior, considering the specific expressive channels of this type of communication. Special attention is paid to facial expression, gestural repertoire, posture, gaze, as well as the management they make of proxemics, haptics, and appearance. This research identifies the individual non-verbal pattern of four leaders in the technology sector when they are interviewed: Jeff Bezos (Amazon), Sundar Pichai (Google), Tim Cook (Apple) and Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook), concluding that said individual's non-verbal pattern is not only a part of the leader's message, but also his identity. His level of visible presence is quantified around 70% - 80%, being useful for an analyst the study of deviations from said percentages since they can infer an emotional state with newsworthy information. In addition, in this research, a comparison is made between the four leaders, fixing the shared common non-verbal pattern at 50%, once again confirming the fact that the authenticity of the leader does not follow a single learned and reproduced stereotyped non-verbal pattern.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias de la Información, leída el 11/07/2023