Caracterización molecular de quimeras CYP21A1P-TNXA/CYP21A2-TNXB responsables del Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos en pacientes con Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congénita
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2025
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14/06/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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La recombinación asimétrica entre CYP21A2-TNXB y sus respectivos pseudogenes,CYP21A1P-TNXA, puede generar quimeras responsables de un síndrome de reciente descripción denominado síndrome CAH-X (SCAH-X). CYP21A2 es el gen que codifica la enzima 21-hidroxilasa (21-OH), responsable del 95% de los casos de hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita (HSC), una enfermedad autosómico recesiva que presenta una variedad deformas clínicas que van desde formas graves (clásicas) hasta formas leves (no clásicas). Por su parte, el gen TNXB codifica para la tenascina X (TNX), una glicoproteína altamente expresada en el tejido conectivo y cuya alteración, debido a una variante puntual o a una deleción de TNXB, puede dar lugar al desarrollo de manifestaciones clínicas relacionadas Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos (SED). Ambos genes, CYP21A2 y TNXB, se localizan junto aCYP21A1P y TNXA en la región HLA de clase III situada en el locus 6p21.3. Esta región es conocida por ser una de las más complejas del genoma humano debido a su particular estructura que contiene varios tándems formados por diferentes genes y sus pseudogenes. Hasta la fecha, se han descrito tres genotipos asociados a SCAH-X: CAH-X CH1 (caracterizado por una deleción de 120pb en el exón 35), CAH-X CH2 (c.12174C>G en el exón 40) y CAH-XCH3 (presencia de alguna de las variantes localizadas en los exones 41 y 43; c.12218G>A,c.12514G>A, c.12524G>A). Los pacientes con SCAH-X, además de presentar clínica de HSC, pueden desarrollar manifestaciones asociadas al SED tipo hipermóvil (músculo-esqueléticas, dermatológicas, gastrointestinales y/o cardíacas). Debido a la reciente descripción del SCAH-X, existe todavía un limitado número de estudios disponibles (tanto a nivel molecular como a nivel clínico) y, actualmente no se dispone de datos relativos a la población española...
Gene rearrangements between CYP21A2-TNXB and their homologous pseudogenes,CYP21A1P-TNXA, result in chimeric genes, responsible for the CAH-X syndrome (SCAHX), recently described. CYP21A2 is the gene encoding 21-hydroxylase enzyme (21-OH), responsible for 95% of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), an autosomal recessive disorder that presents a variety of clinical forms ranging from severe forms (classical) to mild ones (non-classical). Tenascin-X is a glycoprotein encoded by TNXB and highly expressed in connective tissue. TNXB alterations, as a result of point mutations or deletions in the gene are associated with clinical manifestations related to Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS). Both genes, CYP21A2 and TNXB, are located in region III of the HLAsystem (6p21.3, Human Leucocyte Antigen) in tandem with CYP21A1P and TNXA. This region, one of the most complex in human genome, is characterized by a particular structure that includes several pairs of genes/pseudogenes. Three CAH-X chimeras with different clinical severity have been described: CAH-X CH1 (including 120bp deletion inexon 35), CAH-X CH2 (c.12174C>G in exon 40) and CAH-X CH3 (carrying a cluster of three missense variants: c.12218G>A and c.12514G>A in exon 41 and c.12524G>A in exon 43).SCAH-X patients show CAH and EDS symptoms that may include musculo-skeletal, dermatological, cardiac and/or digestive disorders. Since SCAH-X has been recently described, the number of publications available is limited and there is not any data related to Spanish population...
Gene rearrangements between CYP21A2-TNXB and their homologous pseudogenes,CYP21A1P-TNXA, result in chimeric genes, responsible for the CAH-X syndrome (SCAHX), recently described. CYP21A2 is the gene encoding 21-hydroxylase enzyme (21-OH), responsible for 95% of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), an autosomal recessive disorder that presents a variety of clinical forms ranging from severe forms (classical) to mild ones (non-classical). Tenascin-X is a glycoprotein encoded by TNXB and highly expressed in connective tissue. TNXB alterations, as a result of point mutations or deletions in the gene are associated with clinical manifestations related to Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS). Both genes, CYP21A2 and TNXB, are located in region III of the HLAsystem (6p21.3, Human Leucocyte Antigen) in tandem with CYP21A1P and TNXA. This region, one of the most complex in human genome, is characterized by a particular structure that includes several pairs of genes/pseudogenes. Three CAH-X chimeras with different clinical severity have been described: CAH-X CH1 (including 120bp deletion inexon 35), CAH-X CH2 (c.12174C>G in exon 40) and CAH-X CH3 (carrying a cluster of three missense variants: c.12218G>A and c.12514G>A in exon 41 and c.12524G>A in exon 43).SCAH-X patients show CAH and EDS symptoms that may include musculo-skeletal, dermatological, cardiac and/or digestive disorders. Since SCAH-X has been recently described, the number of publications available is limited and there is not any data related to Spanish population...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 14-06-2024