Evaluación de catalizadores de zeolita impregnadas con COxNi1-x y activados por campos de radiofrecuencia para la valorización de residuos plásticos
Loading...
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication date
2025
Authors
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Citation
Abstract
Los plásticos son ampliamente utilizados en la vida cotidiana, lo que hace imperativo desarrollar nuevas estrategias para su reciclaje. En este contexto, el reciclaje químico, y en particular el proceso de hidrocraqueo, representa una vía prometedora para convertir residuos plásticos en productos de alto valor añadido. Sin embargo, estos procesos suelen requerir altas temperaturas, con un elevado consumo energético. Este trabajo propone el uso de nanopartículas magnéticas basadas en aleaciones CoₓNi1-x soportadas en matrices de zeolita como catalizadores, capaces de ser activados por campos de radiofrecuencia. Esta estrategia permite calentar de forma localizada los centros activos del catalizador sin necesidad de calentar las paredes del reactor o toda la matriz catalizadora, optimizando así la eficiencia energética del proceso. El objetivo principal fue identificar la aleación CoₓNi1-x (x= 0.3, 0.5 y 0.7) óptima para maximizar la temperatura alcanzada. Para ello, se impregnaron zeolitas con distintos precursores de Ni y Co, que luego fueron sometidos a proceso de oxidación y reducción. El material obtenido se caracterizó mediante diversas técnicas como difracción de rayos X (XRD), microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM), magnetometría (SQUID) e hipertermia magnética. Los catalizadores se evaluaron en función de su comportamiento térmico, influenciado por parámetros como el tiempo de homogeneización y la humedad en la zeolita. Los resultados mostraron una temperatura máxima de 215° C para la muestra Co₇₀Ni₃₀/zeolita, pero la mayor eficiencia de calentamiento (SAR) de 245 W/g se obtuvo para la muestra Co₅₀Ni₅₀/zeolita con un 4 % de humedad. Finalmente, los experimentos de hidrocraqueo en atmósfera de hidrógeno revelaron una disminución en la eficiencia, atribuida a la degradación composicional del catalizador, destacando la importancia de optimizar las condiciones de operación y su estabilidad a lo largo del tiempo.
Plastics are widely used in everyday life, making it imperative to develop new strategies for their recycling. In this context, chemical recycling, and in particular the hydrocracking process, represents a promising avenue for converting plastic waste into high-value-added products. However, these processes typically require high temperatures and high energy consumption. This work proposes the use of magnetic nanoparticles based on CoₓNi1-x alloys supported on zeolite matrices as catalysts, capable of being activated by radiofrequency fields. This strategy allows localized heating of the catalyst's active centers without the need to heat the reactor walls or the entire catalyst matrix, thus optimizing the energy efficiency of the process. The main objective was to identify the optimal CoₓNi1-x alloy (x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) to maximize the achieved temperature. To this end, zeolites were impregnated with different Ni and Co precursors, which were then subjected to oxidation and reduction processes. The obtained material was characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), magnetometry (SQUID), and magnetic hyperthermia. The catalysts were evaluated based on their thermal behavior, influenced by parameters such as homogenization time and zeolite humidity. The results showed a maximum temperature of 215° C for the Co₇₀Ni₃₀/zeolite sample, but the highest heating efficiency (SAR) of 245 W/g was obtained for the Co₅₀Ni₅₀/zeolite sample with 4 % humidity. Finally, hydrocracking experiments in a hydrogen atmosphere revealed a decrease in efficiency, attributed to the compositional degradation of the catalyst, highlighting the importance of optimizing the operating conditions and its stability over time.
Plastics are widely used in everyday life, making it imperative to develop new strategies for their recycling. In this context, chemical recycling, and in particular the hydrocracking process, represents a promising avenue for converting plastic waste into high-value-added products. However, these processes typically require high temperatures and high energy consumption. This work proposes the use of magnetic nanoparticles based on CoₓNi1-x alloys supported on zeolite matrices as catalysts, capable of being activated by radiofrequency fields. This strategy allows localized heating of the catalyst's active centers without the need to heat the reactor walls or the entire catalyst matrix, thus optimizing the energy efficiency of the process. The main objective was to identify the optimal CoₓNi1-x alloy (x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) to maximize the achieved temperature. To this end, zeolites were impregnated with different Ni and Co precursors, which were then subjected to oxidation and reduction processes. The obtained material was characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), magnetometry (SQUID), and magnetic hyperthermia. The catalysts were evaluated based on their thermal behavior, influenced by parameters such as homogenization time and zeolite humidity. The results showed a maximum temperature of 215° C for the Co₇₀Ni₃₀/zeolite sample, but the highest heating efficiency (SAR) of 245 W/g was obtained for the Co₅₀Ni₅₀/zeolite sample with 4 % humidity. Finally, hydrocracking experiments in a hydrogen atmosphere revealed a decrease in efficiency, attributed to the compositional degradation of the catalyst, highlighting the importance of optimizing the operating conditions and its stability over time.













