Estrategias basadas en el empleo de bacterias lácticas capaces de formar biopelículas para modular la adhesión de patobiontes en entornos clínicos y alimentarios
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2025
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16/12/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Los niños sanos, nacidos a término por vía vaginal, que no han recibido medicación y alimentados exclusivamente con leche de la propia madre reúnen las condiciones idóneas para el desarrollo inicial de su microbiota. Sin embargo, el proceso de colonización puede verse alterado por diversos factores, entre ellos, la baja edad gestacional. Los neonatos prematuros suelen nacer por cesárea, reciben antibióticos y otros medicamentos, frecuentemente permanecen hospitalizados durante periodos prolongados y poseen un sistema inmunitario descrito como aberrante. En muchos casos, la imposibilidad de amamantarse directamente hace que sean necesarias otras formas de alimentación, como la nutrición enteral, administrada generalmente a través de sondas de alimentación nasogástrica (SNGs). Las superficies internas de las SNGs pueden ser colonizadas por microorganismos hospitalarios capaces de formar biopelículas o biofilms. En consecuencia, los patobiontes nosocomiales podrían acceder a través de esta vía al tracto gastrointestinal del neonato prematuro, pudiendo tener un impacto negativo en el establecimiento de su microbiota y en su salud...
Healthy term children, vaginally delivered, who have not received medication and who are fed exclusively with their mother's own milk, are those who meet the ideal conditions for the initial development of the gut microbiota. However, the colonization process can be altered by various factors, including low gestational age at the time of birth. Premature neonates are usually born by cesarean section, receive antibiotics and other medications, frequently remain hospitalized for relatively long periods, and have an immune system that has been described as aberrant. Furthermore, in many cases, the impossibility of direct breastfeeding makes other forms of feeding necessary, such as enteral nutrition, in which food is generally administered through of nasogastric enteral feeding tubes (NEFTs). The internal surfaces of NEFTs can be colonized by hospital-related microorganisms capable of forming biofilms. Consequently, nosocomial pathobionts may access the gastrointestinal tract of the premature neonate through this route, potentially having a negative impact on the establishment of their microbiota and on their health...
Healthy term children, vaginally delivered, who have not received medication and who are fed exclusively with their mother's own milk, are those who meet the ideal conditions for the initial development of the gut microbiota. However, the colonization process can be altered by various factors, including low gestational age at the time of birth. Premature neonates are usually born by cesarean section, receive antibiotics and other medications, frequently remain hospitalized for relatively long periods, and have an immune system that has been described as aberrant. Furthermore, in many cases, the impossibility of direct breastfeeding makes other forms of feeding necessary, such as enteral nutrition, in which food is generally administered through of nasogastric enteral feeding tubes (NEFTs). The internal surfaces of NEFTs can be colonized by hospital-related microorganisms capable of forming biofilms. Consequently, nosocomial pathobionts may access the gastrointestinal tract of the premature neonate through this route, potentially having a negative impact on the establishment of their microbiota and on their health...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, leída el 16-12-2024.