Efecto de una terapia binocular sobre la función visual en niños con ambliopía anisometrópica
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2026
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15/11/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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La ambliopía es una alteración de la visión debido a un desarrollo anómalo de esta durante la niñez, provocada por diversos mecanismos como son el desalineamiento de uno de los ejes visuales (estrabismo), por la degradación de las características físicas de la imagen (opacidades de los medios transparentes – deprivación) o del desenfoque de esta (refractiva) principalmente de un ojo (anisometropía), lo que lleva a que uno de los ojos tenga una menor resolución (agudeza visual – principal característica diagnóstica y de tratamiento), percepción del contraste (sensibilidad al contraste), a un incremento de la supresión del ojo no dominante (mal llamado ambliope) y de la estereoagudeza. El tratamiento está encaminado a restaurar o mejorar la agudeza visual del ojo no dominante para lo cual se ha usado la oclusión directa con el fin de “forzar a ver” a dicho ojo; no obstante, en los últimos 10 a 15 años se ha encontrado que la supresión interocular y la visión binocular son elementos claves para mejorar la visión de la persona ambliope, por lo que han surgido una serie de metodologías orientadas a lograr un mayor balance binocular...
Amblyopia is an abnormal development of vision during childhood, caused by various mechanisms such as misalignment of one of the visual axes (strabismus), by the degradation of the physical features of the image (deprivation) or the blurring of this (refractive) mainly in one eye (anisometropia), which leads to one of the eyes having lower resolution (visual acuity – main diagnostic and treatment features), contrast perception (contrast sensitivity), to an increase in the suppression of the non-dominant eye (misnamed amblyope) and stereo acuity. The treatment is aimed at restoring or improving the visual acuity of the non-dominant eye using direct occlusion to "force" the non-dominant eye to see; however, in the last 10 to 15 years, it has been found that interocular suppression and binocular vision are crucial elements to improve the vision of the amblyopic subject; according of that, new methodologies have emerged aimed at achieving greater binocular balance...
Amblyopia is an abnormal development of vision during childhood, caused by various mechanisms such as misalignment of one of the visual axes (strabismus), by the degradation of the physical features of the image (deprivation) or the blurring of this (refractive) mainly in one eye (anisometropia), which leads to one of the eyes having lower resolution (visual acuity – main diagnostic and treatment features), contrast perception (contrast sensitivity), to an increase in the suppression of the non-dominant eye (misnamed amblyope) and stereo acuity. The treatment is aimed at restoring or improving the visual acuity of the non-dominant eye using direct occlusion to "force" the non-dominant eye to see; however, in the last 10 to 15 years, it has been found that interocular suppression and binocular vision are crucial elements to improve the vision of the amblyopic subject; according of that, new methodologies have emerged aimed at achieving greater binocular balance...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, leída el 15-11-2024












