Herramientas de diagnóstico rápido basadas en el empleo de plataformas bioelectroanalíticas aplicables a entornos de bajos recursos
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2024
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14/04/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Los grandes avances en ciencia y tecnología han sido claves para identificar, entender e incluso curar numerosas enfermedades que fueron devastadoras en épocas anteriores y a las que era difícil anticiparse. Hoy en día, disponemos de pruebas diagnósticas que tienen como objetivo detectar las enfermedades en fases tempranas y permiten aplicar en el momento oportuno tratamientos eficientes, con las consecuencias que esto tiene tanto en la supervivencia y calidad de vida de los pacientes como en la reducción de la carga económica que soportan los sistemas nacionales de salud. Sin embargo, el elevado coste de las técnicas, su aplicación centralizada, la dificultad en el análisis de muestras complejas y su naturaleza invasiva limitan la evolución del diagnóstico clínico hacia una medicina personalizada, descentralizada y accesible para todos. La sociedad cada vez exige una atención más rápida, de mayor calidad y que se adapte a las necesidades de cada paciente. De hecho, hoy en día, y en gran parte potenciado por la reciente pandemia, una de las mayores demandas clínicas reside en la posibilidad de realizar un diagnóstico precoz, rápido y mínimamente invasivo de enfermedades de elevada prevalencia y mortalidad mediante pruebas médicas masivas fuera del entorno de un laboratorio y gestionadas por personal no especializado, lo que se conoce como pruebas en el lugar de asistencia o punto de atención (Point-Of-Care, POC). La descentralización del sistema sanitario a laboratorios clínicos, centros de atención primaria, ambulatorios o incluso el hogar del paciente resulta imprescindible, tanto para minimizar las consecuencias de futuras posibles pandemias por el retraso en el diagnóstico derivado del colapso sanitario, como para seguir avanzando en el ámbito de la medicina personalizada, permitiendo aumentar la probabilidad de curación del paciente y reducir los costes asociados a su tratamiento. Por todo ello, resulta esencial disponer de herramientas sensibles, cuantitativas, precisas, asequibles, fáciles de usar y mínimamente invasivas que contribuyan al diagnóstico fiable y descentralizado incluso en entornos de pocos o bajos recursos, desafíos que la tecnología de biosensores electroquímicos parece afrontar con éxito...
Breakthroughs in science and technology have helped to identify, understand, and even cure many diseases that in earlier times were devastating and unpredictable. Today, available diagnostic tests make it possible to detect diseases at an early stage and to apply timely and effective treatments, with beneficial consequences in terms of patient survival and quality of life, as well as reducing the financial burden on national health systems. However, the high cost of the techniques, their centralized application, the difficulty of analysing complex samples, and their invasive nature hinder the evolution of clinical diagnostics towards personalized medicine accessible to all.Society increasingly demands faster and higher quality care, tailored to the needs of each patient. In fact, and largely driven by the recent pandemic, one of the biggest clinical demands lies in the possibility of early, rapid, and minimally invasive diagnosis of high prevalence and high mortality diseases through mass medical testing outside a laboratory setting and managed by non-specialised staff, known as Point-Of-Care (POC) testing. Decentralization of the healthcare system to clinical laboratories, primary care centres, outpatient clinics or even the patient's home is essential, both to minimise the consequences of future pandemics due to diagnostic delays resulting from the collapse of healthcare, and to further advance in the field of personalized medicine, increasing the probability of curing patients and reducing the costs associated with their treatment. Sensitive, quantitative, accurate, fast, affordable, easy-to-use, and minimally invasive tools that contribute to reliable and decentralised diagnostics are therefore essential challenges that electrochemical biosensor technology seems to successfully address...
Breakthroughs in science and technology have helped to identify, understand, and even cure many diseases that in earlier times were devastating and unpredictable. Today, available diagnostic tests make it possible to detect diseases at an early stage and to apply timely and effective treatments, with beneficial consequences in terms of patient survival and quality of life, as well as reducing the financial burden on national health systems. However, the high cost of the techniques, their centralized application, the difficulty of analysing complex samples, and their invasive nature hinder the evolution of clinical diagnostics towards personalized medicine accessible to all.Society increasingly demands faster and higher quality care, tailored to the needs of each patient. In fact, and largely driven by the recent pandemic, one of the biggest clinical demands lies in the possibility of early, rapid, and minimally invasive diagnosis of high prevalence and high mortality diseases through mass medical testing outside a laboratory setting and managed by non-specialised staff, known as Point-Of-Care (POC) testing. Decentralization of the healthcare system to clinical laboratories, primary care centres, outpatient clinics or even the patient's home is essential, both to minimise the consequences of future pandemics due to diagnostic delays resulting from the collapse of healthcare, and to further advance in the field of personalized medicine, increasing the probability of curing patients and reducing the costs associated with their treatment. Sensitive, quantitative, accurate, fast, affordable, easy-to-use, and minimally invasive tools that contribute to reliable and decentralised diagnostics are therefore essential challenges that electrochemical biosensor technology seems to successfully address...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, leída el 14-04-2023