La presencia del cocodrilo en la esfera cultual del Egipto romano a través de los papiros griego
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2022
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Ediciones Clásicas
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Flores Rivas, M. (2022) “La presencia del cocodrilo en la esfera cultual del Egipto romano a través de los papiros griegos”, en V. A. TorresGonzález, M. T. de Luque Morales, F. Garrido Domené y A. Álvarez Melero (eds.) Papiros greco-egipcios, de época imperial romana I: instituciones, sociedad y religión, Madrid, Ediciones Clásicas, pp. 105-132.
Abstract
Resumen: El cocodrilo es un animal que habitualmente formó parte de la esfera cultual de Egipto, dado que se encontraba asociado a diferentes dioses en distintas regiones. Tuvo especial presencia en la zona del Fayum, donde había templos que albergaron ejemplares vivos, los cuales eran tratados como encarnaciones, bien del dios Sobek, bien de alguna de sus manifestaciones. Al gozar de un estatus sagrado, se los veneraba y se los colmaba con honores durante su vida y posteriormente a su muerte, eran momificados y enterrados con una ceremonia acorde a su condición. Además de esta clase de cocodrilos, también existían aquellos que estaban destinados únicamente a la momificación. Entre las diversas funciones que podían tener estos animales momificados, se encontraban la de ofrenda votiva y la de “representación” de Sobek en los festivales religiosos, entre otros contextos. Dentro del marco del Egipto grecorromano, tanto los testimonios arqueológicos como los papirológicos constituyen la principal fuente de información sobre los cocodrilos sagrados y los distintos aspectos que los rodean. Entre estos testimonios, sin embargo, los papiros documentales pertenecientes al período romano, pese a ofrecer datos que pueden resultar de interés para el tema de investigación, han quedado en general relegados. Por este motivo, en el presente capítulo se analizan los testimonios papiráceos de dicho período en relación con los cocodrilos, con el fin de extraer una serie de datos que contribuyan a una mejor comprensión de la presencia de estos animales en la esfera cultual de Egipto.
Abstract: The crocodile was a common animal in the Egyptian cultic sphere, as it was associated with different gods in a number of regions. It had a noteworthy presence in the Fayum area, where there were temples housing live specimens, which were treated as incarnations of either the god Sobek or one of his embodiments. Having a sacred status, they were venerated and honoured during their lifetime. After their death, they were mummified and buried with a ceremony befitting their status. In addition to this class of crocodiles, there were also those intended solely for mummification. Votive offerings and “representations” of Sobek in religious festivals —among other contexts— were some of the various functions that these mummified animals could have. Within the setting of Greco-Roman Egypt, both archaeological and papyrological testimonies are the main source of information about sacred crocodiles and various aspects concerning them. Among these testimonies, however, documentary papyri belonging to the Roman period have generally been relegated to the background, despite offering pieces of information that may be of interest to the research topic. For this reason, the present chapter analyses the papyri from that period in relation to crocodiles. The aim is to gather information that will contribute to a better understanding of the presence of these animals in the Egyptian cultic sphere.
Abstract: The crocodile was a common animal in the Egyptian cultic sphere, as it was associated with different gods in a number of regions. It had a noteworthy presence in the Fayum area, where there were temples housing live specimens, which were treated as incarnations of either the god Sobek or one of his embodiments. Having a sacred status, they were venerated and honoured during their lifetime. After their death, they were mummified and buried with a ceremony befitting their status. In addition to this class of crocodiles, there were also those intended solely for mummification. Votive offerings and “representations” of Sobek in religious festivals —among other contexts— were some of the various functions that these mummified animals could have. Within the setting of Greco-Roman Egypt, both archaeological and papyrological testimonies are the main source of information about sacred crocodiles and various aspects concerning them. Among these testimonies, however, documentary papyri belonging to the Roman period have generally been relegated to the background, despite offering pieces of information that may be of interest to the research topic. For this reason, the present chapter analyses the papyri from that period in relation to crocodiles. The aim is to gather information that will contribute to a better understanding of the presence of these animals in the Egyptian cultic sphere.
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Este trabajo se ha realizado gracias al proyecto Instituciones locales, religión cívica y élites urbanas en el Egipto romano (s. II-IV d. C.) (UCO-FEDER 20. 1380044- F) y a un contrato postdoctoral Margarita Salas del Ministerio de Universidades.










