Sísmica de ondas superficiales (MASW): análisis comparativo de MASW activa, pasiva y combinada
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2021
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2021
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Abstract
En esta investigación se abordó el tema relacionado con el método sísmico de ondas superficiales MASW (Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves). En virtud de que este método posee la capacidad de ser empleado tanto de forma activa como pasiva y en entornos geológicos diferentes, la adquisición y el procesamiento de los datos recogidos en cada uno de estos contextos geológicos también puede diferenciarse y ser estudiado.
Como objetivo principal, se ha realizado el análisis de las implantaciones sísmicas de MASW activa y MASW pasiva realizadas en localizaciones y contextos geológicos diferentes, con la finalidad de comparar los datos de campo, el procesamiento de estos y los condicionantes geológicos. Las localidades elegidas han sido Alcántara (Cáceres) y Madrid. Para alcanzar el objetivo planteado, en este trabajo se ha comenzado por una recopilación y revisión bibliográfica en base al objetivo planteado y las zonas a investigar, seguido de la realización en cada emplazamiento de un perfil de sísmica activa y pasiva. Una vez recogidos los datos sísmicos en campo, estos fueron procesados por medio del programa SURFSEIS, desarrollado por Kansas Geological Survey (EE. UU.). Para finalizar, se realizó un análisis y la comparación de los diferentes perfiles de velocidad con columnas estratigráficas obtenidas a partir de sondeos cercanos a los perfiles sísmicos, con la finalidad de detectar qué perfil sísmico se adapta mejor a las condiciones geológicas de cada ubicación.
Como resultado se obtuvo, en Alcántara, que el perfil de velocidades VS que mejor se adapta y representa las características geológicas del terreno es el generado por el método activo, alcanzando una mayor resolución hasta los 50 metros de profundidad. En Madrid, en cambio, el perfil de velocidades que mejor reproduce las características geológicas del terreno es el generado por la combinación de los métodos activo y pasivo.
In this research, a comparison of the different MASW (Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves) surface wave seismic methods were approached. Because this method has the ability to be used both actively and passively and in different geological settings, the acquisition and processing of data collected in each of these geological contexts can also be differentiated and studied. As main objective, the analysis of the seismic implantations of active MASW and passive MASW carried out in different locations and geological contexts in order to compare the field data, the processing of these and the geological factors. The chosen localities have been Alcántara (Cáceres) and Madrid. To achieve the proposed objective, this work has begun with a bibliographic collection and review based on the aim set and the areas to be investigated, followed by the realization of an active and passive seismic profile at each site. Once the seismic data were collected in the field, they were processed through the SURFSEIS software, developed by the Kansas Geological Survey (USA). Finally, an analysis and comparison of the different velocity profiles was carried out with stratigraphic columns obtained from geotechnical drillings close to the seismic profiles, for the purpose of detect which seismic profile best suits the geological conditions of each location. As a result, it was obtained, in Alcántara, that the VS velocity profile that best adapts and represents the geological characteristics of the terrain is the one generated by the active method, reaching a higher resolution up to 50 meters deep. In Madrid, on the other hand, the velocity profile that best reproduces the geological characteristics of the terrain is the one generated by the combination of the active and passive methods.
In this research, a comparison of the different MASW (Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves) surface wave seismic methods were approached. Because this method has the ability to be used both actively and passively and in different geological settings, the acquisition and processing of data collected in each of these geological contexts can also be differentiated and studied. As main objective, the analysis of the seismic implantations of active MASW and passive MASW carried out in different locations and geological contexts in order to compare the field data, the processing of these and the geological factors. The chosen localities have been Alcántara (Cáceres) and Madrid. To achieve the proposed objective, this work has begun with a bibliographic collection and review based on the aim set and the areas to be investigated, followed by the realization of an active and passive seismic profile at each site. Once the seismic data were collected in the field, they were processed through the SURFSEIS software, developed by the Kansas Geological Survey (USA). Finally, an analysis and comparison of the different velocity profiles was carried out with stratigraphic columns obtained from geotechnical drillings close to the seismic profiles, for the purpose of detect which seismic profile best suits the geological conditions of each location. As a result, it was obtained, in Alcántara, that the VS velocity profile that best adapts and represents the geological characteristics of the terrain is the one generated by the active method, reaching a higher resolution up to 50 meters deep. In Madrid, on the other hand, the velocity profile that best reproduces the geological characteristics of the terrain is the one generated by the combination of the active and passive methods.