Influencia de la edad en perfil sérico de marbofloxacina en llamas juveniles (Lama Glama) tras administraciones parenterales y su repercusión sobre la eficacia terapéutica
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2018
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25/01/2016
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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La llama (Lama glama) es una especie perteneciente al grupo de los camélidos sudamericanos (CSA). Estos animales desempeñan un rol importante para las poblaciones alto-andinas, que les proporcionan alimento (carne), vestimenta (lana y cuero) y son utilizadas como trasporte de carga, aprovechando al mismo tiempo su materia fecal como fertilizante y combustible. En general la producción de llamas no posee el nivel tecnológico de otras producciones animales. Al ser una actividad de subsistencia, no cuenta con la tecnología suficiente para hacer frente a los procesos morbosos que afectan a las crías, lo que produce grandes pérdidas de las mismas, por mortalidad temprana. Las enfermedades infecciosas más frecuentes son las enterotoxemias, las diarreas neonatales y los procesos respiratorios agudos. La mortalidad en animales jóvenes es muy importante y ha sido considerada en varios estudios como causa de disminución importante de la población. De hecho, en el período predestete (6 meses de edad) ha sido determinada en un 2,1% en Estados Unidos, entre 2,7 y 3,3 % en el Reino Unido y del 12 % en la zona del altiplano. La administración de antibióticos de amplio espectro resolvería, en gran medida, los problemas anteriormente mencionados en este tipo de explotaciones ganaderas por lo que cabe la posibilidad, de hacer una interpretación errónea del beneficio social que suponen las fluoroquinolonas y caer en un uso abusivo de las mismas. Las fluoroquinolonas poseen un espectro bactericida que incluye a bacterias Gram positivas y Gram negativas, Clamidias y Micoplasmas. Dentro de este grupo, la marbofloxacina es un antimicrobiano de uso exclusivo veterinario, cuyas características farmacocinéticas lo ubican como un fármaco con buena biodisponibilidad, una amplia distribución tisular y un prolongado tiempo de permanencia en el organismo, por lo que se ha indicado su uso para un elevado número de especies. Para minimizar la emergencia de resistencias, derivada de la presión terapéutica, debe reservarse siempre la utilización de marbofloxacina como terapia de segunda elección, tal y como se recomienda en las normativas de uso racional y uso prudente de antibióticos en medicina veterinaria. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el comportamiento farmacocinético de marbofloxacina, tras la administración de dosis únicas de 5 mg/kg de peso corporal, por vía intravenosa en tekes en periodo de crecimiento, a los 3, 10, 24, 50 y 80 días de edad; y por vía subcutánea en tekes a los 35 días de edad. Así como determinar las MIC frente a cepas de microorganismos aislados de afecciones cutáneas y digestivas, presentes en animales adultos, para calcular los índices de eficacia PK/PD...
The llama (Lama glama), is a species belonging to the group of South American camelids (CSA). These animals play an important role for communities of people living in the High Andes, providing food (meat), clothing (wool and leather) and are used as pack animal, while leveraging their fecal matter as fertilizer and fuel. Overall production llamas do not possess the technological level of other livestock sectors. As a subsistence activity, does not have the technology to fight the disease processes affecting the young, causing great loss of the same by early mortality. The most common infectious diseases are enterotoxemias, neonatal diarrhea and acute respiratory processes. The mortality rate in young animals is very important and has been considered in several studies as the main cause of population decline. In fact, in the pre-weaning period (six months old) it has been determined at 2.1% in the United States, between 2.7 and 3.3% in the UK and 12% in the highlands. The application of broad-spectrum antibiotics would solve, largely, the problems mentioned in such farms so the possibility of making an erroneous interpretation of social benefit involving fluoroquinolones and fall into an abuse of the same. Fluoroquinolones have a bactericidal spectrum including Gram positive and Gram negative, chlamydia and mycoplasma. Within this group, marbofloxacin is an antimicrobial veterinarian exclusive use, pharmacokinetic characteristics which place it as a drug with good bioavailability, a wide tissue distribution and extended residence time in the organism, so its use is indicated for a large number of species. To minimize the emergence of resistance, derived from the therapeutic pressure, always using Marbofloxacin reserved as second-line therapy, as recommended in the policy of rational and prudent use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine. The aim of this work was to observe the pharmacokinetic behavior in young llamas (crias) growing at 3, 10, 24, 50 and 80 days-old, and the same subcutaneous (SC) dose at 35 days-old and secondly to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the antimicrobial against isolates from skin and digestive disorders, in adult animals, to estimate the efficacy indicators pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic (PK / PD)...
The llama (Lama glama), is a species belonging to the group of South American camelids (CSA). These animals play an important role for communities of people living in the High Andes, providing food (meat), clothing (wool and leather) and are used as pack animal, while leveraging their fecal matter as fertilizer and fuel. Overall production llamas do not possess the technological level of other livestock sectors. As a subsistence activity, does not have the technology to fight the disease processes affecting the young, causing great loss of the same by early mortality. The most common infectious diseases are enterotoxemias, neonatal diarrhea and acute respiratory processes. The mortality rate in young animals is very important and has been considered in several studies as the main cause of population decline. In fact, in the pre-weaning period (six months old) it has been determined at 2.1% in the United States, between 2.7 and 3.3% in the UK and 12% in the highlands. The application of broad-spectrum antibiotics would solve, largely, the problems mentioned in such farms so the possibility of making an erroneous interpretation of social benefit involving fluoroquinolones and fall into an abuse of the same. Fluoroquinolones have a bactericidal spectrum including Gram positive and Gram negative, chlamydia and mycoplasma. Within this group, marbofloxacin is an antimicrobial veterinarian exclusive use, pharmacokinetic characteristics which place it as a drug with good bioavailability, a wide tissue distribution and extended residence time in the organism, so its use is indicated for a large number of species. To minimize the emergence of resistance, derived from the therapeutic pressure, always using Marbofloxacin reserved as second-line therapy, as recommended in the policy of rational and prudent use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine. The aim of this work was to observe the pharmacokinetic behavior in young llamas (crias) growing at 3, 10, 24, 50 and 80 days-old, and the same subcutaneous (SC) dose at 35 days-old and secondly to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the antimicrobial against isolates from skin and digestive disorders, in adult animals, to estimate the efficacy indicators pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic (PK / PD)...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, leída el 25/01/2016