Publication: Industrialización y desarrollismo en la periferia : un estudio comparativo entre Argentina y Ecuador (1948 – 1982)
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2023-08-25
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Normalmente se considera que las políticas de industrialización por sustitución de importaciones, implementadas por los países latinoamericanos en el siglo XX, fueron fruto del diseño y gestión de la Comisión Económica Para América Latina (CEPAL). Si bien este modelo instauró, hasta cierto punto, una tendencia regional, ni la temporalidad, ni la profundidad, como tampoco la intensidad del proceso de industrialización fueron iguales en todos los países de América Latina. En términos de desarrollo industrial, Argentina fue, sin duda, el país pionero en la región. Evidencia reciente, sin embargo, suele mostrar que este inició mucho antes de la creación de la CEPAL en 1948. La bonanza económica que el país gozó, a finales del siglo XIX, tuvo como correlato una especie de industrialización espontánea en el país del Cono Sur. Si bien a partir de los años 40 el Estado adoptó políticas para intensificar el proceso nacional de industrialización, distintos factores políticos obstaculizaron que esta intervención sea eficaz y consistente. El Ecuador, en cambio, aparte de haber iniciado la sustitución de importaciones de manera más tardía, permanece como un enigma en el marco de los estudios acerca de la industrialización latinoamericana. Para empezar, se debe indicar que, en términos generales, los logros del desarrollo industrial en el país andino fueron más modestos en comparación con los países de mayor tamaño en la región. En el Ecuador, además, la industrialización estuvo más emparentada con los deseos regionales de modernización económica que nutrieron la voluntad política de los países de la región desde el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Esto se vio reflejado, sobre todo, en los proyectos comerciales de integración subregional, en los que participó desde finales de los años 60...
Normally the import substitution policies, implemented by Latin American countries in the 20th century, are seen to be the result of ECLA’s design and management. Although this model somewhat started a regional tendency, the temporality as well as the depth and intensity of industrial policy were not the same in all of the countries in the region.Industrial development in Latin America was, without a doubt, kickstarted by Argentina. Recent evidence suggests, though, that it began way before ECLA was even created in 1948. The economic boom that the Southern Cone country had, at the end of the 19th century, also spontaneously promoted the local industry as a side effect. Although, since the 1940s, the Argentinian governments adopted policies to intensify the industrialization process, this intervention was played down by several political factors.Ecuador, on the other hand, not only started its industrialization process rather late, but it also largely remains an enigma within Industrial Studies in Latin America. To begin with, it should be pointed out that, in general, the Andean country didn’t reach the industrial development that the larger countries did. Besides, its industrial policy was more intensively linked with the modernization trends in the region, which shaped the political will in its neighboring countries since the end of World War II. This was reflected, mainly, in the subregional integration projects, in which the Ecuadorian government took part since the late 1960s...
Normally the import substitution policies, implemented by Latin American countries in the 20th century, are seen to be the result of ECLA’s design and management. Although this model somewhat started a regional tendency, the temporality as well as the depth and intensity of industrial policy were not the same in all of the countries in the region.Industrial development in Latin America was, without a doubt, kickstarted by Argentina. Recent evidence suggests, though, that it began way before ECLA was even created in 1948. The economic boom that the Southern Cone country had, at the end of the 19th century, also spontaneously promoted the local industry as a side effect. Although, since the 1940s, the Argentinian governments adopted policies to intensify the industrialization process, this intervention was played down by several political factors.Ecuador, on the other hand, not only started its industrialization process rather late, but it also largely remains an enigma within Industrial Studies in Latin America. To begin with, it should be pointed out that, in general, the Andean country didn’t reach the industrial development that the larger countries did. Besides, its industrial policy was more intensively linked with the modernization trends in the region, which shaped the political will in its neighboring countries since the end of World War II. This was reflected, mainly, in the subregional integration projects, in which the Ecuadorian government took part since the late 1960s...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, leída el 27/10/2022