Impacto del tipo genético y el sexo sobre parámetros productivos y el contenido en grasa intramuscular, así como el consumo de antioxidantes sobre la oxidación de la carne en cerdo ibérico (50 %) de “Cebo de Campo”
Loading...
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication date
2023
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Asociación Interprofesional para el Desarrollo Agrario
Citation
Usero‑Alonso G., Gil‑Rueda F., Isabel B., Ramis‑Vidal G., Muñoz‑Luna A. (2023). Impacto del tipo genético y el sexo sobre parámetros productivos y el contenido en grasa intramuscular, así como el consumo de antioxidantes sobre la oxidación de la carne en cerdo ibérico (50 %) de "Cebo de Campo". ITEA‑Información Técnica Económica Agraria 119(4): 370-386. https://doi.org/10.12706/itea.2023.011
Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio, realizado durante la etapa de crecimiento de cerdos ibéricos (50 % Duroc) categoría "Cebo de Campo" hasta su sacrificio comercial, fue investigar por un lado, el efecto del tipo genético del verraco finalizador (Duroc TemplarioTM (DT) y Duroc TemplarioTM de alta infiltración grasa (DTGIM)) y el sexo sobre parámetros de crecimiento, rendimiento de canal y el contenido de grasa intramuscular; y por otro el efecto de la combinación de antioxidantes suplementados en el pienso de acabado (150 ppm de vitamina E sintética (VE) versus 150 ppm de vitamina E sintética + 500 ppm de INGASO QTMEAT® (VEQM)), en parámetros de oxidación de la carne y ácidos grasos del tejido graso subcutáneo. El experimento se diseñó en condiciones de campo con dos lotes de animales: lote A, formado por 91 machos castrados y 95 hembras, descendientes del verraco DT que recibieron el tratamiento antioxidante VE en el pienso de acabado, y lote B, formado por 56 machos castrados y 60 hembras, descendientes del verraco DTGIM que recibieron el tratamiento antioxidante VEQM en el pienso de acabado. Se les realizaron mediciones repetidas individuales: durante la fase de crecimiento, en una finca situada en el entorno de la dehesa extremeña en el término municipal de Olivenza, del peso vivo y espesor graso dorsal; y tras su sacrificio de parámetros de canal, contenido de grasa intramuscular y oxidación lipídica sobre muestras de carne de longissimus thoracis et lumborum, así como de la composición de ácidos grasos sobre muestras de grasa subcutánea. Se observó que, por efecto del tipo genético y el sexo, los animales descendientes de Duroc DT y los machos presentaron las tasas de crecimiento significativamente (p < 0,05) mayores. Los DT y las hembras obtuvieron un significativo (p < 0,05) menor contenido graso tanto de su espesor graso dorsal de la canal como de grasa intramuscular de la carne, así como un significativo (p < 0,05) mayor rendimiento de jamón y lomo. Sin embargo, los DTGIM y las hembras alcanzaron un significativo (p < 0,05) mayor rendimiento de canal. Mientras que por efecto del consumo de antioxidantes se observó que, en los animales que consumieron el tratamiento antioxidante reforzado (VEQM), se oxidó menos la carne, obteniendo valores de oxidación lipídica significativamente (p < 0,05) menores y de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados mayores. En conclusión, la utilización de líneas de verraco Duroc finalizador más grasas, junto con la incorporación de una combinación adecuada de antioxidantes en el pienso de finalización en la producción de cerdo ibérico contribuyen a la obtención de carnes de mayor valor nutricional.
The aim of this study, carried out during the growth stage of Iberian pigs (50 % Duroc) "Cebo de Campo" category until commercial slaughter, was to investigate on the one hand, the effect of the genetic type of terminal boar (Duroc TemplarioTM (DT) and Duroc TemplarioTM high fat infiltration (DTGIM)) and sex on growth performance, carcass yield and intramuscular fat content; and the effect of the combination of antioxidants supplemented in the finishing feed (150 ppm synthetic vitamin E (VE) versus 150 ppm synthetic vitamin E + 500 ppm INGASO QTMEAT® (VEQM)) on oxidation parameters of the meat and subcutaneous fatty acids. The experiment was designed under field conditions with two batches of animals: batch A, consisted of 91 castrated males and 95 females, offspring of the DT boar that received the VE antioxidant treatment in the finishing feed, and batch B, consisted of 56 castrated males and 60 females, offspring of the DTGIM boar that received the VEQM antioxidant treatment in the finishing feed. Repeated individual measurements were carried out: during the growth phase, in a farm located in the environment of the dehesa of Extremadura in Olivenza village, of live weight and back fat thickness; and after slaughter of carcass parameters, intramuscular fat content and lipid oxidation were made on samples of longissimus thoracis and lumborum, as well as the composition of fatty acids on samples of subcutaneous fat. It was observed that, due to the effect of genotype and sex, the animals descended from Duroc DT and males presented significantly (p < 0.05) higher growth rates. The DT and females obtained a significantly (p < 0.05) lower fat content, both in terms of carcass backfat thickness and meat intramuscular fat, as well as a significantly (p < 0.05) higher ham and loin yield. However, DTGIM and females achieved a significant (p < 0.05) higher carcass yield. Meanwhile, due to the effect of antioxidant intake, it was observed that, in the animals that consumed an extra of antioxidant treatment (VEQM), both the meat and the subcutaneous fat part more sensitive to oxidation were less oxidized, obtaining significantly (p < 0.05) lower values of lipid oxidation and significantly (p < 0.05) higher values of polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively. In conclusion, the use of higher fat Duroc terminal boar lines, together with the incorporation of an adequate combination of antioxidants in the finishing feed in the production of Iberian pigs contributes to obtain meats of higher nutritional value.
The aim of this study, carried out during the growth stage of Iberian pigs (50 % Duroc) "Cebo de Campo" category until commercial slaughter, was to investigate on the one hand, the effect of the genetic type of terminal boar (Duroc TemplarioTM (DT) and Duroc TemplarioTM high fat infiltration (DTGIM)) and sex on growth performance, carcass yield and intramuscular fat content; and the effect of the combination of antioxidants supplemented in the finishing feed (150 ppm synthetic vitamin E (VE) versus 150 ppm synthetic vitamin E + 500 ppm INGASO QTMEAT® (VEQM)) on oxidation parameters of the meat and subcutaneous fatty acids. The experiment was designed under field conditions with two batches of animals: batch A, consisted of 91 castrated males and 95 females, offspring of the DT boar that received the VE antioxidant treatment in the finishing feed, and batch B, consisted of 56 castrated males and 60 females, offspring of the DTGIM boar that received the VEQM antioxidant treatment in the finishing feed. Repeated individual measurements were carried out: during the growth phase, in a farm located in the environment of the dehesa of Extremadura in Olivenza village, of live weight and back fat thickness; and after slaughter of carcass parameters, intramuscular fat content and lipid oxidation were made on samples of longissimus thoracis and lumborum, as well as the composition of fatty acids on samples of subcutaneous fat. It was observed that, due to the effect of genotype and sex, the animals descended from Duroc DT and males presented significantly (p < 0.05) higher growth rates. The DT and females obtained a significantly (p < 0.05) lower fat content, both in terms of carcass backfat thickness and meat intramuscular fat, as well as a significantly (p < 0.05) higher ham and loin yield. However, DTGIM and females achieved a significant (p < 0.05) higher carcass yield. Meanwhile, due to the effect of antioxidant intake, it was observed that, in the animals that consumed an extra of antioxidant treatment (VEQM), both the meat and the subcutaneous fat part more sensitive to oxidation were less oxidized, obtaining significantly (p < 0.05) lower values of lipid oxidation and significantly (p < 0.05) higher values of polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively. In conclusion, the use of higher fat Duroc terminal boar lines, together with the incorporation of an adequate combination of antioxidants in the finishing feed in the production of Iberian pigs contributes to obtain meats of higher nutritional value.