Impresión 3D de formas farmacéuticas avanzadas y sistemas microfluídicos (Organ-on-a-chip) para el tratamiento de infecciones protésicas articulares
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2024
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18/09/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Las infecciones protésicas articulares o PJIs (periprosthetic joint infections) son una complicación frecuente de las artroplastias. La prevalencia para las artroplastias de cadera es superior al 4% lo que produce un gran impacto negativo en los pacientes y en los sistemas de salud. Actualmente, la intervención más común consiste en un procedimiento quirúrgico, en el que se retira la prótesis infectada y se aplica un cemento óseo cargado con antibióticos que se mantiene en la articulación durante varias semanas antes de colocar una nueva prótesis. Sin embargo, la cantidad liberada de antibióticos no es suficiente y el cemento óseo puede alterar las propiedades biomecánicas de la articulación. Además, tanto este como otros tratamientos convencionales no son eficaces frente a todos los patógenos que pueden producir las PJIs. Como alternativa se están desarrollando nuevos abordajes para el tratamiento de las PJIs. Sin embargo, debido a que aún se encuentran en fases iniciales, su traslación clínica no podrá llevarse a cabo en un futuro cercano. Una forma de acelerar este proceso es desarrollando modelos in vitro en 3D que sean más complejos y representativos de las condiciones in vivo, en este caso del espacio articular, con el fin de obtener resultados más fiables y predictivos. El uso de estos modelos puede ayudar también a la reducción del número de animales empleados en investigación, una tendencia al alza en los últimos años, debido a su elevado coste y por cuestiones éticas...
Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are a common complication of arthroplasties, with a prevalence of more than 4% for hip arthroplasties, which has a negative impact on both patients and healthcare systems. The main current treatment consists of a surgical procedure, where the infected prosthesis is removed and an antibiotic-loaded bone cement is placed, remaining at the joint for several weeks before replacement with a new prosthesis. However, drug release is not adequate, and additionally, the bone cement can alter the biomechanical properties of the joint. Hence, conventional treatments are far from ideal and are not effective against all the pathogens that cause PJIs and cannot be used simultaneously as prophylaxis and treatment. As an alternative, new strategies are under development for the treatment of PJIs, and most of them are in early stages, requiring further in vitro and in vivo evaluation. These studies can take several years, so their clinical translation will not take place soon. One way to speed up this process is the development of advanced in vitro 3D models that are more complex and representative of in vivo conditions, in this case of the joint space, being able to obtain more reliable and predictive results. The use of these models can also help to reduce the number of animals used in research, an upward trend in recent years, due to its high cost and ethical concerns...
Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are a common complication of arthroplasties, with a prevalence of more than 4% for hip arthroplasties, which has a negative impact on both patients and healthcare systems. The main current treatment consists of a surgical procedure, where the infected prosthesis is removed and an antibiotic-loaded bone cement is placed, remaining at the joint for several weeks before replacement with a new prosthesis. However, drug release is not adequate, and additionally, the bone cement can alter the biomechanical properties of the joint. Hence, conventional treatments are far from ideal and are not effective against all the pathogens that cause PJIs and cannot be used simultaneously as prophylaxis and treatment. As an alternative, new strategies are under development for the treatment of PJIs, and most of them are in early stages, requiring further in vitro and in vivo evaluation. These studies can take several years, so their clinical translation will not take place soon. One way to speed up this process is the development of advanced in vitro 3D models that are more complex and representative of in vivo conditions, in this case of the joint space, being able to obtain more reliable and predictive results. The use of these models can also help to reduce the number of animals used in research, an upward trend in recent years, due to its high cost and ethical concerns...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, leída el 18/09/2023